tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-70504390881346158032024-03-08T15:42:03.355+05:30Anushka AcademyA Unit Of Dr. Anushka Law College.
82332-23322Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13627048482019499713noreply@blogger.comBlogger149125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7050439088134615803.post-89109136075765396222014-10-30T07:44:00.001+05:302014-10-30T07:44:33.528+05:30Rajasthan PHED Recruitment 2014<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: large;">Rajasthan PHED Recruitment 2014</span></div>
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Rajasthan PHED Recruitment 2014 – <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD1" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(103, 176, 69) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;"><a href="http://www.jenexamphed.rajasthan.gov.in/Vacancy_List.aspx">Apply Online</a></span> for 824 Junior Engineer Posts: Rajasthan Public Health Engineering Department, Jaipur has announced notification for the recruitment of 824 Junior Engineer Vacancies. Eligible candidates apply through online from 27-10-2014 to 27-11-2014 till 11:59 PM. For more details regarding age limit, educational qualifications, selections and how to apply are given below….</div>
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Rajasthan PHED Vacancy Details:</div>
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<br />Total No.of Posts: 824</div>
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<br />Name of the Post:</div>
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<br />1. Junior Engineer (Degree) Civil: 263 posts</div>
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<br />2. Junior Engineer (Diploma) Civil: 355 posts</div>
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<br />3. Junior Engineer (Degree) Mechanical/ Electrical: 92 posts</div>
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<br />4. Junior Engineer (Diploma) Mechanical/ Electrical: 114 posts</div>
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Age Limit: Candidate age should be between 18 to 35 years as on 01-01-2015. Age Relaxation is applicable as per rules.</div>
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Educational Qualification: Candidate should possess Degree in Civil Engineering for .No.1 post, Diploma in Civil Engineering for S.No.2 post, Degree in Mechanical/ Electrical Engineering for S.No.3 post, Diploma in Mechanical/ Electrical Engineering for S.No.4 post, all the candidates must have knowledge of hindi writing in devanagari script & rajasthan culture.</div>
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Selection Process: Selection will be based on Merit & Written test.</div>
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Exam Fee: Candidates has to pay Rs.1500/- for GEN/ OBC (Creamy layer) & Rs.750/- for OBC (Non Creamy layer)/ Special BC candidates of Rajasthan, Rs.375/- for all Special & ST/ SC candidates of Rajasthan, Rs.20/- application fee + Rs.10/- Service charges for all categories through E-Mitra or CSC (Common Service Centre).</div>
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How to Apply: Interested candidates apply through online website www.jenexamphed.rajasthan.gov.in from 27-10-2014 to 27-11-2014 till 11:59 PM.</div>
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Important Instructions for Online Application:</div>
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<br />1. Log on to the website the online www.jenexamphed.rajasthan.gov.in applying process.</div>
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<br />2. Read the instructions carefully and then start the filling of application form by clicking on the next button.</div>
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<br />3. Candidates have to fill the application form within 30 Minutes. Otherwise the session will be closed.</div>
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<br />4. Fill all the fields otherwise it will not proceed.</div>
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<br />5. Fill the application fee details as per their category and educational details and reproduce Security Key.</div>
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<br />6. Next upload the file containing image of photo, DD, Signature in prescribed manner.</div>
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<br />7. After completion candidate can click on preview button and lock. By Clicking Once on Lock changes are not possible.</div>
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<br />8. After submission of online application candidates have to note the Registration Number.</div>
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Important Dates:</div>
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<br />Starting Date for Submission of Online Application & Payment of Fee: 27-10-2014.</div>
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<br />Closing Date for Payment of Fee: 26-11-2014 till 06:00 PM.</div>
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<br />Closing Date for Submission of Online Application: 27-11-2014 till 11:59 PM.</div>
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<br />Date of downloading Hall Tickets: 10-01-2015.</div>
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<br />Date & Time of Written Test: 25-01-2015 (Sunday) at 10:00 am to 12:00 pm.</div>
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For more details regarding age, qualifications, selections and other information click on the below given link….</div>
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<span style="color: black; text-decoration: none;"><a href="http://www.jenexamphed.rajasthan.gov.in/Documents/vigyapti.pdf">Click here for Recruitment Advt</a></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; text-decoration: none;"><a href="http://www.jenexamphed.rajasthan.gov.in/Recruitment/Valid_Details.aspx">Click here for Online Application</a></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13627048482019499713noreply@blogger.com16tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7050439088134615803.post-27811285282244457272014-10-30T07:28:00.002+05:302014-10-30T07:28:39.995+05:30Rajasthan Police Result 2014<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Rajasthan Police Result 2014 for Constable Written Exam</h2>
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" 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<div class="entry" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 24px; margin: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 5px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Rajasthan police constable <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD2" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; vertical-align: baseline;">result 2014</span> for written exam held on 01st June 2014 constable recruitment written test result Rajasthan police result update/ news/ information Physical exam (PET) date/ schedule Rajasthan police result<br />
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<div align="center" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 5px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Rajasthan Police Constable Result 2014</span></span></strong><br />
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></span></span></strong>
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></span></span></strong></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 5px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">GOOD NEWS:</span> Some Districts Written Exam (01.06.2014) Result of Rajasthan Police Constable Recruitment 2013 Has been Declared on 28.10.2014 and Remaining Districts Result Will be Declared as per Schedule….. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">For <a href="http://exampolice.rajasthan.gov.in/Result.aspx"><span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD3" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; vertical-align: baseline;">Check Result</span> </a>Please Follow Given Below Result Link……………….</span></strong></span></div>
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<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></span></strong></span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 5px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Rajasthan Police 12178 Constable Recruitment 2013-14 Physical Efficiency Test/ Physical Standard Test (PET/PST) will Start from <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">First Week of November 2014 (Tentative)</span></strong> for Qualified candidates in Written Exam…..and Written <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD1" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; vertical-align: baseline;">Exam Result</span> may be Declare in <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Last week of October 2014</strong></span>. P<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">lease Visit Here Regularly to get Latest Updates of Result Declaration</strong>.</div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 5px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 5px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Directorate of Police, Rajasthan, Jaipur</strong> Constable Recruitment 2013- 2014 Written Examination Result of Some Districts Has been Announced <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">on 28th October 2014</strong> and Remaining Districts Result and Cut Off Marks/ Merit <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">will be Declared Shortly.</strong> For Check latest<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Information/ Updates please Check Here Regularly</strong>. for any kind of information’s. <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Please keep Patience and check Update time to tim</strong></div>
</div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13627048482019499713noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7050439088134615803.post-73593688701414010212014-10-21T12:04:00.000+05:302014-10-21T12:04:21.845+05:30Latest Current Affairs<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span class="inner_txt3" style="display: block; float: left; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 25px; padding-bottom: 15px; padding-left: 10px; padding-top: 15px;"><a href="http://www.currentaffairsonline.in/news.php?id=3909&news=BJP%20won%20in%20Haryana%20and%20emerged%20as%20the%20largest%20party%20in%20Maharashtra#" style="border: none; color: #2d2d2d; text-decoration: none;">BJP won in Haryana and emerged as the largest party in Maharashtra</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Bharatiya Janta Party (BJP) won the state assembly elections of Haryana, which were held on 15 October 2014. BJP by securing 47 seats emerged as the largest party, with clear majority.</span></div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">Indian National Lok Dal (INLD ) won in 19 seats and Indian National Congress in 15 seats</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">The elections were held for total 90 seats on 15 October 2014</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">In Maharashtra BJP won in 122 seats and emerged as the largest party.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">The elections were held on 15 October 2014 for total 288 seats.</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Shiv Sena won in 63 seats, Indian National Congress : 42 seats and Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) : 41 seats.</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.currentaffairsonline.in/news.php?id=3907&news=Government%20has%20launched%20a%20new%20air%20quality%20index#" style="border: none; color: #2d2d2d; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 25px; text-decoration: none;">Government has launched a new air quality index</a><span class="inner_txt4" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(190, 190, 190); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(190, 190, 190); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; display: block; float: left; height: 20px; margin-left: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-top: 10px; width: 690px;"><div class="addthis_toolbox addthis_default_style " style="float: left; width: 300px;">
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background-size: initial; cursor: pointer; display: block; float: left; height: 16px; line-height: 16px !important; margin-right: 4px; overflow: hidden; width: 16px;"><span class="at_a11y" style="height: 1px !important; overflow: hidden !important; position: absolute !important; top: auto !important; width: 1px !important;">More Sharing S<a class="addthis_button_expanded" href="http://www.currentaffairsonline.in/news.php?id=3907&news=Government%20has%20launched%20a%20new%20air%20quality%20index#" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #333333; display: inline !important; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif !important; font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; height: 16px; margin-bottom: 3px; padding-bottom: 4px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; width: 34px;" target="_blank" title="View more services"><span style="color: #817f7f; font-family: Arial, 'Times New Roman', serif; text-align: right;"> / 03:50 PM IST</span></a></span></span></div>
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<img alt="Government has launched a new air quality index, newsandviewsonline.com" border="0" height="205" src="http://www.currentaffairsonline.in/google/news_images/large/14101413800417airpollution.jpg" style="display: block; float: left; margin: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 10px;" title="Government has launched a new air quality index" width="320" /></div>
<div style="padding-top: 5px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Government of India has launched a new air quality index to help citizens understand complex pollution data and its implications for their health.</span></div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">The programme, to be implemented by the Central Pollution Control Board, will enable it to disseminate information on air quality in simple terms.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">The national index will measure air pollution on eight parameters - PM10 (Particulate matter up to 10 micrometers in size), PM2.5, nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, ammonia and lead. All these pollutants will be measured for 24 hours.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;">According to Who United Nations agency, Air pollution killed about seven million people in 2012, making it the world's single biggest environmental health risk.</span></li>
</ul>
</span></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13627048482019499713noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7050439088134615803.post-17407023297650809012014-10-18T12:20:00.004+05:302014-10-18T12:20:41.611+05:30राजस्थान के लोकदेवता<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<blockquote style="background: rgb(247, 247, 247); border-left-color: rgb(230, 73, 70); border-left-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px; font-family: 'Droid Serif', serif; font-size: 15px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 1em; quotes: none; vertical-align: baseline;">
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<b>मारवाड़ के पंच वीर – </b></div>
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<blockquote style="background: rgb(247, 247, 247); border-left-color: rgb(230, 73, 70); border-left-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px; font-family: 'Droid Serif', serif; font-size: 15px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 1em; quotes: none; vertical-align: baseline;">
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<b>1. रामदेवजी </b></div>
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<b>2. पाबूजी </b></div>
</blockquote>
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<blockquote style="background: rgb(247, 247, 247); border-left-color: rgb(230, 73, 70); border-left-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px; font-family: 'Droid Serif', serif; font-size: 15px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 1em; quotes: none; vertical-align: baseline;">
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<b>3. हड़बूजी </b></div>
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<b>4. मेहाजी मांगलिया </b></div>
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<b>5. गोगाजी</b></div>
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<blockquote style="background: rgb(247, 247, 247); border-left-color: rgb(230, 73, 70); border-left-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px; font-family: 'Droid Serif', serif; font-size: 15px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 1em; quotes: none; vertical-align: baseline;">
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b>1. रामदेवजी</b></div>
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<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Droid Sans', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22.4400005340576px; list-style: square; margin: 0px 0px 1.67em 1.67em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">उपनाम – रामसापीर, रूणेचा के धणी, बाबा रामदेव</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">जन्म – उडूकासमीर (बाड़मेर), 1405 ई. भादवा</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">पिता – अजमाल जी तँवर (रूणेचा के ठाकुर)</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">माता – मैणादे</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">पत्नी – नेतलदे</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">घोड़े का नाम – लीला इसीलिए इन्हें लाली रा असवार कहते हैं।</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">गुरू – बालीनाथ या बालकनाथ</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">विशेषताएँ – भैरव नामक राक्षस को मारा तथा पोकरण कस्बे को बसाया, कामडि़या पंथ की स्थापना की, अछूत मेघवाल जाति की डालीबाई को बहिन माना, मुस्लिम रामसापीर की तरह पूजते हैं।</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">नेजा – रामदेवजी के मन्दिर की पंचरंगी ध्वजा।</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">जम्मा – रामदेवजी का जागरण।</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">चैबीस बाणियाँ – रामदेवजी की रचना।</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">रिखिया – रामदेवजी के मेघवाल भक्त।</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">रूणेचा में रामदेवजी की समाधि पर प्रतिवर्ष भाद्र पद शुक्ला द्वितीया से एकादशी तक विशाल मेला भरता है। यह राजस्थान में साम्प्रदायिक सद्भाव का प्रतीक है। यहाँ कामड़ जाति की महिलाएँ तेरहताली का नृत्य करती है।</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">रामदेवजी के प्रमुख मन्दिर – रामदेवरा – जैसलमेर</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">बराडियाँ खुर्द – अजमेर</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">सुरताखेड़ा – चित्तौड़गढ</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">छोटा रामदेवरा – गुजरात</li>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">2. पाबूजी -</strong></div>
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<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">जन्म – कोलू (फलौरी, जोधपुर)</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">पिता का नाम – धांधलजी राठौड़</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">माता का नाम – कमलादे</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">पत्नी – सुप्यारदे</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">घोड़ी – केसर – कलमी</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">पाबू प्रकाश की रचना मोड़शी आशियां ने की।</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">लक्ष्मण का अवतार माने जाते हैं। देवल चारणी की गायों को छुड़ाने हेतु बहनोई जी दराव खींची से युद्ध किया।</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ऊँटों के देवता, प्लेग रक्षक देवता के रूप में पूजे जाते हैं।</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">भाला लिए अश्वारोही के रूप में पूज्य/प्रतिवर्ष चैत्र अमावस्या को कोलू में मेला भरता है।</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">इनकी फड़ का वाचन भील जाति के नायक भोपे करते हैं|</li>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">3. गोगाजी</strong><br />उपनाम – सपोर्ं के देवता, गोगा चव्हाण, गोगा बप्पा।<br />जन्म – ददरेवा (चूरू) में चौहान वंश में।<br />पिता – जेवर सिंह चौहान<br />माता – बादल दे।<br />पत्नी – केमलदे</div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Droid Sans', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22.4400005340576px; list-style: square; margin: 0px 0px 1.67em 1.67em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">मानसून की पहली वर्षा पर गोगा राखड़ी (नौ गांठो) को हल व किसान के बाँधा जाता है।</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">महमूद गजनवी के युद्ध किया तथा जाहिर पीर के रूप में प्रसिद्ध हुए।</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">समाधि गोगामेड़ी (शशिमेढी) नोहर तहसील हनुमानगढ़ में है। यहाँ भादप्रद कृष्ण नवमी (गोगानवमी) पर प्रतिवर्ष मेला भरता है।</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ददरेवा (चूरू) में धडमेडी है।</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">समाधि पर बिसिमल्लाह एवं ओम अंकित है।</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">सवारी – नीली घोडी।</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">गोगाजी की लोल्डी (तीसरा मनिदर) साँचौर (जालौर) में है।</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">सर्प दंश पर इनकी पूजा की जाती है तथा तोरण (विवाह का) इनके थान पर चढ़ाया जाता है।</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">अपने मौसेरे भार्इयों अरजण व सुर्जन से गायों को छुड़ातें हुए वीरगति को प्राप्त हुए।</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">हड़बूजी – भूंडेल (नागौर) शासक मेहाजी साँखला के पुत्र थे।</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">राव जोधा के समकालीन थे।</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">बेगटी गाँव (फलौदी, जोधपुर) में इनका प्रमुख मंदिर है जहाँ इनकी गाड़ी की पूजा की जाती है।</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">रामदेवजी के मौसेरे भार्इ थे।</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">पुजारी – साँखला राजपूत</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">गुरू – बालीनाथ (बालकनाथ)</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">शकुन शास्त्र के ज्ञाता थे।</li>
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<b>5. मेहाजी मांगलिया –</b> मांगलिया राजपूतों के इष्ट देव।</div>
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प्रमुख मनिदर – वापिणी (ओसियाँ, जोधपुर) यहाँ प्रतिवर्ष भाद्रपद कृष्ण अष्टमी (जन्माष्टमी) को मेला भरता है।<br />घोडा – किरड़ काबरा।<br />जैसलमेर के राणंग देव भाटी से युद्ध करते हुए वीरगति को प्राप्त।<br />इनकी पूजा करने वाले भोपों की वंश वृद्धि नहीं होती है। अत: वे वंश की वृद्धि गोद लेकर करते हैं।<br />6. तेजाजी – उपनाम – परम गौ रक्षक एवं गायों के मुकितदाता<br />कृषि कायोर्ं के उपकारक देवता, काला एवं बाला के देवता।<br />जन्म – खड़नाल (नागौर), जाट समुदाय में (नाग वंशीय)<br />पिता – ताहड़ जी जाट<br />माता – राजकुँवर<br />पत्नी – पेमल दे<br />लाíा व हीरा गूजरी की गायों को मेरों से छुडाते हुए संघर्ष में प्राणोत्सर्ग।<br />सुरसुरा (अजमेर) में इन्हें सर्पदंश हुआ था।<br />घोड़ी – लीलण।<br />पूजारी भोपे – घोड़ला कहे जाते हैं।<br />ब्यावर के तेजा चौक में प्रतिवर्ष भादवा सुदी दशमी को मेला भरता है।<br />राजस्थान का सबसे बड़ा पशु मेला वीर तेजाजी पशु मेला प्रतिवर्ष भाद्रपद शुक्ल दशमी से पूर्णिमा तक परबतसर (नागौर) में राज्य सरकार द्वारा आयोजित किया जाता है।<br />सर्वाधिक पूज्य – अजमेर जिले में।</div>
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<b>7. देवनारायणजी</b></div>
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- उपनाम – देवजी, ऊदल जी।<br />जन्म का नाम – उदय सिंह<br />जन्म – गोठाँ दड़ावताँ (आसीन्द, भीलवाड़ा)<br />पिता – सवार्इ भोज (नागवंशीय गुर्जर बगड़ावत)<br />माता – सेडू खटाणी।<br />पत्नी – पीपलदे।<br />मूल मनिदर – आसीन्द में है। अन्य प्रमुख मनिदर – देवधाम जोधपुरिया (टोंक), देवमाली (अजमेर) तथा देव डूंगरी (चित्तौड़) ये चारों मनिदर चार धाम कहलाते हैं।<br />गुर्जरों के इष्ट देवता हैं। इनका मनिदर देवरा कहलाता है।<br />घोड़ा – लीलागर।<br />विष्णु के अवतार माने जाते हैं।<br />प्रमुख मेला प्रतिवर्ष भाद्रपद शुक्ल दशमी को देवधाम जोधपुरिया में भरता है।</div>
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<b>8. मल्लीनाथ जी -</b></div>
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जन्म – मारवाड़ में (मालाणी परगने का नाम इन्हीं के नाम पर रखा गया।<br />माता – जाणी दे।<br />पिता – राव तीड़ा (मारवाड़ के शासक)<br />पत्नी – रूपा दें<br />ये निगर्ुण एवं निराकार र्इश्वर में विश्वास रखते थे।<br />प्रमुख मनिदर – तिलवाड़ा (बाड़मेर) में है। यहाँ चैत्र माह में मल्लीनाथ पशु मेला भरता है।<br />इन्होंने निजामुíीन को पराजित किया था।</div>
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<b>9. तल्लीनाथ जी -</b></div>
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मारवाड़ के वीरमदेव राठौड़ के पुत्र थे। गुरू जालधंर नाथ ने तल्लीनाथ नाम दिया। मूल नाम – गाँगदेव राठौड़ था। जालौर के पाँचोड़ा गाँव में पंचमुख पहाड़ पर इनकी अश्वारोही मूर्ति है। यह क्षेत्र ओरण कहलाता है। यहाँ से कोर्इ भी पेड़-पौधे नहीं काटता। इन्हें प्रकृति प्रेमी देवता के रूप में पूजा जाता है। 10. वीर कल्लाजी – जन्म – मेड़ता परगने में। मीरा बार्इ के भतीजे थे।<br />केहर, कल्याण, कमधज, योगी, बाल ब्रह्राचारी तथा चार हाथों वाले देवता के रूप में पूज्य।<br />शेषनाग के अवतार माने जाते हैं।<br />अकबर से युद्ध किया था तथा वीरगति को प्राप्त।<br />गुरू – जालन्धरनाथ थे।<br />बाँसवाड़ा जिले में अत्यधिक मान्यता है।<br />इनकी सिद्ध पीठ – रानेला में हैं।<br />इन्हें जड़ी-बूटी द्वारा असाध्य रोगों के इलाज का ज्ञान था।</div>
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<b>10. वीर बिग्गाजी -</b></div>
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जन्म – जांगल प्रदेश (वर्तमान बीकानेर)<br />पिता – राव महन<br />माता – सुल्तानी देवी<br />जाखड़ जाटों के लोकदेवता तथा कुल देवता।<br />मुसिलम लुटेरों से गौरक्षार्थ प्राणोत्सर्ग<br /><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">11. देव बाबा</strong> -</div>
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मेवात (पूर्वी क्षेत्र) में ग्वालों के देवता के रूप में प्रसिद्ध।<br />पशु चिकित्सा शास्त्र में निपुण थे।<br />प्रमुख मनिदर – नंगला जहाज (भरतपुर) में भाद्रपद में तथा चैत्र में मेला।<br /><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">12. हरिराम बाबा -</strong></div>
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जन्म – झोरड़ा (नागौर), प्रमुख मनिदर भी यहीं हैं।<br />बजरंग बली के भक्त थे।<br />पिता – रामनारायण<br />माता – चनणी देवी<br />इनके मनिदर में साँप की बाम्बी की पूजा की जाती है।<br /><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">14. झरड़ाजी (रूपनाथजी)</strong> -</div>
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पाबूजी के बड़े भार्इ बूढ़ोजी के पुत्र थे। इन्होंने अपने पिता व चाचा के हत्यारे खींची को मारा।<br />इन्हें हिमाचल प्रदेश में बाबा बालकनाथ के रूप में पूजा जाता है।<br />इनको रूपनाथ तथा बूढ़ो झरड़ा भी कहते हैं।<br />कोलू (जोधपुर) तथा सिंमूदड़ा (बीकानेर) में इनके मनिदर है।<br /><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD2" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(89, 57, 170) !important; border-bottom-style: dotted !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-size: 13px !important; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; vertical-align: baseline;">15</span>. मामाजी (मामादेव)</strong> -</div>
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राजस्थान में जब कोर्इ राजपूत योद्धा लोक कल्याणकारी कार्य हेतु वीरगति को प्राप्त होता था तो उस विशेष योद्धा (मामाजी) के रूप में पूजा जाता है।<br />पशिचम राज. में ऐसे अनेक मामाजी हैं जैसे – धोणेरी वीर, बाण्डी वाले मामाजी, सोनगरा मामाजी आदि।<br />इन्हें बरसात का देवता भी माना जाता है।<br />इनकी मूर्तियां जालौर के कुम्हार बनाते हैं, जिन्हें मामाजी के घोड़े कहते हैं।<br /><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">16. भूरिया बाबा (गौतमेश्वर)</strong> -</div>
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राज्य के दक्षिण-पशिचम गोंडवाड क्षेत्र में मीणा जनजाति के आराध्य देव हैं। इनका मनिदर पोसालियां (सिरोही) में जवार्इ नदी के किनारे हैं।<br /><span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD3" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(89, 57, 170) !important; border-bottom-style: dotted !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-size: 13px !important; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; vertical-align: baseline;">17</span>. बाबा झुँझार जी – जन्म – इमलोहा (सीकर) राजपूत परिवार में स्यालोदड़ा में रामनवमी पर मेला भरता है। मुसिलमों से गौरक्षार्थ बलिदान।<br />18. पनराज जी – जन्म – नगा (जैसलमेर) पनराजसर में मेला भरता है। गौरक्षार्थ बलिदान।<br />19. फत्ताजी – सांथू (जालौर) में जन्म। प्रतिवर्ष भाद्रपद शुक्ल नवमी को मेला।<br />20. इलोजी – होलिका के प्रेमी, मारवाड़ में अत्यधिक पूज्य। अविवाहित लोगों द्वारा पूजने पर विवाह हो जाता है।<br />21. आलमजी – बाड़मेर के मालाणी परगने में पूज्य। डागी नामक टीला आलमजी का धोरा कहलाता है। यहाँ भाद्रपद शुक्ल द्वितीया को मेला भरता है।<br />22. डूंगजी – जवारजी – शेखावाटी क्षेत्र के देशभक्त लोकदेवता।<br />23. भोमिया जी – भूमिरक्षक देवता के रूप में पूज्य।<br />24. केसरिया कुँवर जी – गोगाजी के पुत्र, सर्प देवता के रूप में पूज्य।</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13627048482019499713noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7050439088134615803.post-54090588534671421272014-10-18T12:13:00.003+05:302014-10-18T12:13:58.899+05:30राजस्थान की लोकदेवियाँ<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 22.4400005340576px;"><span style="color: #4c1130;"><b>1. करणीमाता</b></span></span></div>
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मंदिर – देशनोक बीकानेर – बीकानेर राठौड़ शासकों की कुलदेवी, चारणीदेवी व चूहों की देवी के रूप में प्रसिद्ध, सफेद चूहे काला कहलाते हैं। जन्म का नाम रितू बाई विवाह – देवा के साथ, जन्म का स्थान सुआप (बीकानेर) बीकानेर राज्य की स्थापना इनके संकेत पर राव बीका द्वारा की गई। वर्तमान मंदिर का निर्माण महाराजा सूरज सिंह द्वारा।</div>
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<span style="color: #4c1130;"><b>2. जीणमाता</b></span><br />मंदिर व जन्म – रैवासी (सीकर) शेखावाटी क्षेत्र की प्रमुख देवी, चैहान राजपूतों की कुल देवी, ढाई प्याला मदीरा पान की प्रथार चैत्र व अश्विन माह में मेला, भाई – हर्ष, मंदिर का निर्माण पृथ्वीराज चैहान प्रथम के काल में।<br /><br /><b>3. कैला देवी:</b><br />त्रिकूट पर्वत पर, काली सिंध नदी के तट पर मंदिर, यदुवंशी राजवंश (करौली) की कुल देवी, मंदिर निर्माण गोपाल सिंह द्वारा। नरकासुर राक्षस का वध, चैत्र मास में शुक्ल अष्टमी को लख्ख्ी मेला, लागुरईथ गीत प्रसिद्ध।</div>
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<b>4. शिला देवी:</b><br />मन्दिर आमेर में, अष्टभूजी महिषासुर मदरनी की मूर्ति, पूर्वी बंगाल विजय के उपरान्त आमेर शासक मानसिंह प्रथम द्वारा जससौर से लाकर स्थापित की गई। वर्तमान मंदिर का निर्माण मिर्जा राजा जयसिंह द्वारा कछवाहा वंश की कुल देवी, इच्छानुसार मदिरा व जल का चरणामृत चढ़ाया जाता है।</div>
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<b>5. लट्टीयाल माता</b>: फलौदी (जोधपुर में)</div>
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<b>6. त्रिकूट सुन्दरी मंदिर</b>:</div>
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तिलवाड़ा (बांसवाड़ा) में मन्दिर, उपनाम तरताई माता, निर्माण – सम्राट कनिष्क के काल में पांचालों की कुल देवी, आठों में अठारह प्रकार के अस्त्र-शस्त्र।</div>
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<b>7. दधीमती माता</b>: </div>
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मंदिर गोठ मांगलोद (नागौर) में, पुराणों के अनुसार इन्होंने विकटासुर राक्षस का वध किया था। उदयपुर महाराणा को इन्हीं के आर्शीवादों से पुत्र प्राप्ति हुई थी। यह दाधीच ब्राह्मणों की कुल देवी है।</div>
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<b>8. चारण देवी (आवण माता)</b>: </div>
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मंदिर तेमडेराय (जैसलमेर) में जैसलमेर के मामड़राज जी के यहाँ हिंगलाज माता की वंशावतार 7 कन्या हुई थी जिन्होंने संयुक्त रूप से चारण देवियाँ कहा जाता है। इनकी संयुक्त प्रतिमा डाला तथा स्तुति चर्जा कहलाती है। चर्जा दो प्रकार की होती है।<br />सिंगाऊ – शांति के समय की जाने वाली स्तुति।<br />घडाऊ – विपति के समय की जाने वाली स्तुति।</div>
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9<b>. सुगाली माता: </b></div>
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आऊवा (पाली) में मंदिर। कुशाल सिंह चंपावत की कुल देवी, इनके 10 सिर से 54 भुजायें है। 1857 की क्रांति में इसकी मूर्ति को अंग्रेजो द्वारा अजमेर लाया गया था।</div>
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<b>10. नागणेचिया माता</b>: </div>
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नागेणा (बाड़मेर) में, निर्माण रावदुहण द्वारा 13वीं शताब्दी में, राठौड़ वंश की कुल देवी, राठौड़ वृक्ष मीन के वृक्ष को न काटता है, न ही उपयोग करता है।</div>
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<b>11. ढाढ माता</b>: कोटा में पोलियो की देवी।</div>
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<b>12. तणोटिया माता: </b></div>
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तनोट (जैसलमेर) सेना की रक्षा करे, पर सैनिकों की आराध्य देवी मानी जाती है।</div>
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<b>13. आमजा माता</b>: मंदिर रीछड़ा (उदयपुर) में, भीलों की देवी, प्रतिवर्ष ज्येष्ठ शुक्ल अष्टमी को मेला।</div>
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<b>14. बाण माता:</b> कुम्भलगढ़ किले के पास, केलवाड़ा में मंदिर, मेवाड़ शासकों की कुल देवी।</div>
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<b><span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD1" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(89, 57, 170) !important; border-bottom-style: dotted !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-size: 13px !important; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; vertical-align: baseline;">15</span>. महामाया</b>: शिशु रक्षक देवी, मंदिर मावली उदयपुर में गर्भवती स्त्रियों द्वारा पूजा।</div>
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<b>16. कालिका माता</b>: मंदिर पद्मिनी महल, चित्तौड़गढ़ दुर्ग, निर्माण मानमौ द्वारा 8वीं शताब्दी में, गोहिल वंश (गहलोतों) की कुल देवी।</div>
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<b><span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD2" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(89, 57, 170) !important; border-bottom-style: dotted !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-size: 13px !important; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; vertical-align: baseline;">17</span>. कुशला माता: </b></div>
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मंदिर बदनौर (भीलवाड़ा) में, निर्माण – महाराणा कुम्भा द्वारा, इसी के पास बैराठ माता का मंदिर है। ये दोनों बहनें मानी जाती है तथा चामुण्ड माता का अवतार है।</div>
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<b>18. ज्वाला माता:</b> मंदिर जोबनेर (जयपुर में) जेत्रसिंह ने इनके आशीर्वाद से लाल वेग की सेना को हराया था।</div>
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<b>19. चामुण्डा देवी</b>: मंदिर अजमेर, निर्माण पृथ्वीराज चैहान द्वारा चैहानों की कुल देवी, चारण भाट चन्दरबरदाई की इष्ट देवी।</div>
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<b>20. बडली माता</b>: छीपों के आकोला (चित्तौड़गढ़) बेडच नदी के किनारे, बीमार बच्चों को मंदिर की दो तिबारी से निकाला जाता है।</div>
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<b>21. आशापुरा माता</b>: </div>
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उपनाम – आक्षापुरा, मंदिर – पोकरण (जैसलमेर) बिस्सा जाति की कुल देवी, मनोकामना पूर्व करने वाली देवी, माता के मेहन्दी नहीं लगाई जाती है।</div>
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<b>22. स्वांगीया माता:</b> मंदिर गजरूपसागर (जैसलमेर) में, यादव भाटी वंश की कुल देवी, राजकीय प्रतिचिन्ह पालमचिड़ी व स्वांग (मुडाहुआ)।</div>
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<b>23. तुलजा भवानी</b>: चित्तौड़ दुर्ग में प्राचीन माता मंदिर, छत्रपति शिवाजी की आराध्य देवी।</div>
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<b>24. जल देवी</b>: बावडी (टांेक) में स्थित।</div>
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<b>25. छींक माता:</b> जयपुर</div>
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<b>26. हिचकी माता</b>: सनवाड़ (उदयपुर)</div>
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<b>27. जिलाजी माता:</b> बहरोड़ (अलवर) हिन्दूओं को मुस्लिम बनने से रोकने के लिए माता रूप में प्रसिद्ध।</div>
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<b>28. आवरी माता:</b> निकुम्भ (चित्तौड़गढ़) में मन्दिर, लूले लंगड़े लखवाग्रस्त लोगों का ईलाज।</div>
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<b>29. भदाणा माता</b>: कोटा में, मूठ की पकड़ में आये व्यक्ति में इलाज के लिए।</div>
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<b>30. शीतला माता</b>: </div>
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मंदिर चाकसू (जयपुर) में शील डूंगरी पर, निर्माण सवाई माधोसिंह द्वारा, उपनाम मातृरक्षा तथा चेचक की देवी। पूजारी कुम्हार, वाहन गंधा। प्रतिवर्ष शीतलाष्टमी पर गर्धभ मेला। सर्वप्रथम चढ़ावा – जयपुर दरबार द्वारा। शीतलाष्टमी – चैत्र शुक्ल अष्ठमी।</div>
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<b>31. संकराय माता</b>: </div>
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मंदिर उदयपुरवाटी (झुन्झूनु) में, खण्डेलवाल जाति की कुल देवी, उपनाम – शाक्मभरी, शंकरा। अकाल पीडि़त जनता की रक्षा के लिए।</div>
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<b>32. सच्चिया माता</b>: </div>
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मंदिर ओसिया (जोधपुर) में। ओसवालों की कुल देवी, निर्माण परमार शासक उपलदेव द्वारा। महिषासुर मदरनी का सात्विक रूप।</div>
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<b>33. नारायणी माता</b>: </div>
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मंदिर अलवर, नाईयों की कुल देवी, मूलणाम करमीती। मंदिर प्रतिहार शैली का बना हुआ बरवा डूंगरी पर स्थित है। पुजारी – मीणा जाति।</div>
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<b>34. राणी सती: मंदिर</b> – झून्झूनु, मूल नाम – नारायणी बाई, दादी जी नाम प्रसिद्ध, परिवार में कुल 13 सतियां हुई।</div>
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<b>35. आई माता: मंदिर </b>– </div>
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बिलाड़ा जोधपुर, सिखी कृषक राजपूतों की कुल देवी, मंदिर – दरगाह थान बड़ेर कहलाता है। मंदिर बिना मूर्ति का है जहाँ दीपक की ज्योति से केसर टपकता है जिसका उपयोग इलाज में किया जाता है।</div>
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<b>37. घेवर माता: </b>राजसमन्द झील की पाल पर सती हुई|</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13627048482019499713noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7050439088134615803.post-44105343264629480502014-10-18T11:59:00.004+05:302014-10-18T11:59:36.052+05:30राजस्थान सामान्य ज्ञान <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: 12px;">भरतपुर</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">2 महुआ के पेङ पाये जाते है</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">अदयपुर व चितैङगढ</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">3 राजस्थान में छप्पनिया अकाल किस वर्ष पङा</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">1956 वि स</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">4 राजस्थान में मानसून वर्षा किस दिशा मे बढती है</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">दक्षिण पश्चिम से उत्तर पूर्व</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">5 राजस्थान में गुरू शिखर चोटी की उचाई कितनी है</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">1722 मीटर</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">6 राजस्थान में किस शहर को सन सिटी के नाम से जाना जाता है</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">जोधपुर को</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">7 राजस्थान की आकति है</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">विषमकोण चतुर्भुज</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">8 राजस्थान के किस जिले का क्षेत्रफल सबसे ज्यादा है</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">जैसलमेर</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">9 राज्य की कुल स्थलीय सीमा की लम्बाई है</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">5920 किमी</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">10 राजस्थान का सबसे पूर्वी जिला है</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">धौलपुर</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">11 राजस्थान का सागवान कौनसा वक्ष कहलाता है</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">रोहिङा</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">12 राजस्थान के किसा क्षेत्र में सागौन के वन पाये जाते है</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">दक्षिणी</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">13 जून माह में सूर्य किस जिले में लम्बत चमकता है</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">बॉसवाङा</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">14 राजस्थान में पूर्ण मरूस्थल वाले जिलें हैंा</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">जैसलमेर, बाडमेर</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">15 राजस्थान के कौनसे भाग में सर्वाधिक वर्षा होती है</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">दक्षिणी-पूर्वी</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">16 राजस्थान में सर्वाधिक तहसीलों की संख्या किस जिले में है</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">जयपुर</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">17 राजस्थान में सर्वप्रथम सूर्योदय किस जिले में होता है</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">धौलपुर</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">18 उङिया पठार किस जिले में स्थित है</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">सिरोही</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">19 राजस्थान में किन वनों का अभाव है</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">शंकुधारी वन</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">20 राजस्थान के क्षेत्रफल का कितना भू-भाग रेगिस्तानी है</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">लगभग दो-तिहाई</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">21 राजस्थान के पश्चिम भाग में पाये जाने वाला सर्वाधिक विषैला सर्प</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">पीवणा सर्प</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">22 राजस्थान के पूर्णतया वनस्पति रहित क्षेत्र</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">समगॉव (जैसलमेर)</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">23 राजस्थान के किस जिले में सूर्य किरणों का तिरछापन सर्वाधिक होता है</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">श्रीगंगानगर</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">24 राजस्थान का क्षेतफल इजरायल से कितना गुना है</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">17 गुना बङा है</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">25 राजस्थान की 1070 किमी लम्बी पाकिस्तान से लगी सिमा रेखा का नाम</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">रेडक्लिफ रेखा</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">26 कर्क रेखा राजस्थान के किस जिले से छूती हुई गुजरती है</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">डूंगरपुर व बॉसवाङा से होकर</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">27 राजस्थान में जनसंख्या की द़ष्टि से सबसे बङा जिला</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">जयपुर</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">28 थार के रेगिस्तान के कुल क्षेत्रफल का कितना प्रतिशत राजस्थान में है</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">58 प्रतिशत</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">29 राजस्थान के रेगिस्तान में रेत के विशाल लहरदार टीले को क्या कहते है</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">धोरे</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">30 राजस्थान का एकमात्र जीवाश्म पार्क स्थित है</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12px;">आकलगॉव (जैसलमेर)</span><div style="font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1.2em; margin-top: 0.6em; padding: 0px;">
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<b><span style="font-size: small;">धार्मिक विश्वास, सम्परदाय, संत, </span></b><b><span style="font-size: small;">कवि, लोक देवता एंव लोक देवियां</span></b></div>
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<b><br /></b><b style="font-size: 12px;">1 राजस्थान में लोक देवता और संतों की जन्म एवं कर्म स्थली के लिए प्रसिध्द है</b><br /><b style="font-size: 12px;"> – नागौर</b><br /><b style="font-size: 12px;"> > नागौर की वीर और भक्ति रस के संगम स्थल के रूप में भी जाना जाता है</b></div>
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<b>2 तेजाजी का विवाह कहां के नरेश की पुत्री से हुआ था</b><br /><b> -पनेर (अजमेर)</b></div>
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<b>> तेजाजी का विवाह पनेर नरेश रामचन्द की पुत्री पैमल से हुआ था</b></div>
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<b>3 लोक देवता की राज्य क्रांति का जनक माना जाता है</b><br /><b>देवनारायण जी</b><br /><b> >देवमाली-आसींद के पास देवनारायण का प्रमुख तीर्थ स्थल है</b></div>
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<b>4 चौबीस बाणियां किस लोकदेवता से संवंधित पुस्तक/ग्रन्थ है</b><br /><b>-रामदेवजी</b></div>
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<b>>रामदेवजी का वाहन नीला घोङा था, रामदेवरा में रामदेवजी का मेला लगता है</b></div>
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<b>5 संत रैदास किसके शिष्य थे</b><br /><b>संत रामानन्द जी के</b></div>
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<b>>संत रैदास मीरां के गुरू थे</b></div>
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<b>6 कौन से संत राजस्थान के न्रसिंह के नाम से जाने जाते हे</b><br /><b>-भक्त कवि दुर्लभ जी</b></div>
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<b>> कवि बागङ क्षेत्र के संत है</b></div>
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<b>7 संत रज्जनबजी की प्रधान गद्दी है</b><br /><b>सांगानेर में</b><br /><b>>संत रज्जबती भी संत दादूजी के शिष्य थे, जीवन भर दूल्हे के वेश में रहने वाले संत रज्जब ही थे</b></div>
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<b>8 लोक संत पीपाली की गुफा किस जिले में है</b><br /><b>-झालावाङ में</b><br /><b>>राजस्थान के लोक संत पीपाजी का विशाल मेला समदङी ग्राम में लगता है</b></div>
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<b>9 मेव जाति से संबंध वाले संत है</b><br /><b>लालदासजी</b><br /><b>>लालदास जी सम्प्रदाय के प्रवर्तक लालदास जी ही है</b></div>
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<b>10 भौमिया जी को किस रूम में जाना जाता है</b><br /><b>-भूमि के रक्षक </b><br /><b> >संत धन्ना राजस्थान में टोंक जिले के धुवन में हुआ था</b></div>
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<b>11 राजस्थान में बरसात का लोक देवता निम्नलिखित में से किस देवता को माना जाता है</b><br /><b>-मामा देव</b><br /><b> >मांगलियों के इष्ट देवत मेहाजी है,</b></div>
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<b>12 संत जसनाथजी का जन्म किस जिले में हुआ था</b><br /><b>-बीकानेर</b><br /><b>>जसनाथी सम्प्रदाय के कुल 36 नियम है</b></div>
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<b>13 दादूपंथी सम्प्रदाय की प्रमुख गद्दी स्थित है</b><br /><b>-नरैना (जयपुर) में</b><br /><b>>दादूदयाल का जन्म गुजरात में हुआ था</b></div>
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<b>14 किस लोक देवता कामङिया पंथ की स्थापना की थी</b><br /><b>बाबा रामदेवजी ने</b><br /><b>> रामदेवजी जाति प्रथा का विराध करते थे, बाबा रामदेव का जन्म बाङमेर जिले की शिव तहसील में उण्डू -कश्मीर गांव में हुआ था</b></div>
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<b>15 किस लोक देवता को जाहिर पीर के नाम से जाना जाता है</b><br /><b>-गोगाजी को</b><br /><b> >गोगाजी को मुस्ल्मि सम्प्रदाय के लोग गोगा पीर कहते है, इन्हें राजस्थान में पंचपीरों में गिना जाता है, गोगामेङी हनुमानगढ मेला भरता है</b></div>
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<b>16 वीर बग्गाजी का जन्म किस जिले में हुआ था</b><br /><b>-बीकानेर में</b><br /><b>>बीर बग्गाजी का जन्म बीकानेर जिले के जांगलू गांव में हुआ था</b></div>
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<b>17 आलमजी की राजस्थान के किस में लोकदेवता के रूप में पूजा जाता है</b><br /><b>-बाङमेर में</b><br /><b>> आलमजी को बाङमेर जिले के मालाणी प्रदेश में राङधरा क्षेत्र में लोक देवता के रूप में पूजा जाता है</b></div>
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<b>18 जाम्भेजी लोक देवता का प्रसिध्द स्थान कौनसा है</b><br /><b>-संभारथाल बीकानरे</b></div>
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<b>19 रामदेवजी लोक देवता का प्रसिध्द स्थान कौनसा है</b><br /><b>-खेङापा जोधपुर</b></div>
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<b>20 गोगाजी लोक देवता का प्रसिध्द स्थाल कौनसा है</b><br /><b>-गोगामेङी हनुमानगढ</b></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13627048482019499713noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7050439088134615803.post-82719400696199586542014-10-18T11:42:00.005+05:302014-10-18T11:42:31.502+05:30National Parks and Sanctuaries in Rajasthan<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="http://rajasthangk.com/images/Ranthambhore_National_park.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="color: black;"><img alt="Ranthambhore National park" border="0" height="116" src="http://rajasthangk.com/images/Ranthambhore_National_park.jpg" style="background: transparent; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; margin-top: 5px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;" width="200" /></span></a></h1>
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Rajasthan is a haven for a wide spectrum of wildlife. The topography of Rajasthan ranges from the barren desert, scrub-thorn arid forests, rocks and ravines to wetlands and lush, green forests. And each of these areas houses a large variety of animal and bird life. Some of them rare while some endangered.</div>
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Rajasthan is the home of the tigers, black bucks, chinkara, the rare desert fox, the endangered caracal, the great Indian bustard, gavial, monitor lizard, wild boars, porcupines… Migratory birds like the common crane, ducks, coots, pelicans and the rare Siberian cranes, imperial sandgrouse, falcons, buzzards… flock to this State during the winter months. Typical areas representing each of the ecosystems have been earmarked as special areas for the protection and management of wildlife, Rajasthan boasts of two National Parks, over a dozen Sanctuaries and two Closed Areas. Most of these areas are open to visitors round the year but are closed briefly during the monsoon.</div>
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<strong style="background: transparent; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Bhensrod Garh Sanctuary :</strong> A fairly new sanctuary, it was established in 1983 and covers a total area of 229 sq km of scrub and dry deciduous forest. Leopards, chinkara, sloth bear can be spotted here if one is lucky.</div>
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The best time of visit is between October and May.</div>
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<strong style="background: transparent; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Darrah Sanctuary :</strong> Previously the hunting ground of the <span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Kota </span><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">maharajas, this Sanctuary was established in 1955 and covers an area of 266 sq km. This hilly Sanctuary with its thick forests is worth a visit. The animals here include wolf, sloth bear, chinkara and leopard.</span></div>
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The best time to visit is between February and May.</div>
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<strong style="background: transparent; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Desert National Sanctuary :</strong> Established in 1980, it is a colossal park sprawling on 3162 sq km. It has shrubs and trees in addition to rolling sand dunes. The wildlife wealth here comprises fox, desert cat, hare, spiney tail uromastix and sand fish. Thousands of sparrows, imperial sand grouse, bustards, falcons and eagles migrate here during the winter.</div>
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Best time to visit is September to March.</div>
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<strong style="background: transparent; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Jaisamand Sanctuary:</strong> Established in 1957, this Sanctuary is located beside the man-made lake of the same name. Covering a total area of 160 sq km, it harbours sloth bear and a number of birds. Some crocodiles and fish can also be spotted here.</div>
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Best time to visit is between November and January.</div>
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<strong style="background: transparent; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><st1:place><st1:placename>Keoladeo</st1:placename> <st1:placename>Ghana</st1:placename> <st1:placetype>National Park</st1:placetype></st1:place><strong style="background: transparent; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">, </strong>Bharatpur :</strong> Declared a National Park in 1983, this 29 sq km park is one of the world’s greatest heronries. Its shallow, fresh water marsh attracts thousands of migratory birds. Over 10,000 nests of egrets, darters, cormorants, grey herons and storks hatch nearly 20,000 to 30,000 chicks every year. There is an infinite variety of migratory birds. Mammals like the sambhar, blackbuck, chital, nilgai, fishing cat, otter and mongoose also roam freely here. Best time to visit is August to February.</div>
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<strong style="background: transparent; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Kumbhalgarh Sanctuary :</strong> The majestic fort of Kumbhalgarh overlooks the 578 sq km sanctuary. The Aravallis hills, which remain barren for most of the year, turn green during rains and provide shelter to sloth bear, leopard, flying squirrel. It is also the only sanctuary where the Indian wolf is breeding successfully.</div>
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Best timo to visti is March to May, and September to November.</div>
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<st1:place><img alt="sariska" height="88" src="http://rajasthangk.com/images/sariska.jpg" style="background: transparent; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); float: left; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; margin: 5px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;" width="200" /></st1:place><strong style="background: transparent; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><st1:placetype>Mount</st1:placetype> <st1:placename>Abu </st1:placename>sanctuary :</strong> The highest point of the Aravallis, the Guru Shikhar, lies in this 289 sq km sanctuary. Established in 1960, this provides shelter to the common langaur, wild boar, sambhar and leopard. The grey jungle fowl can also be spotted here. Besides, a number of flowering trees enhance the beauty of this place. <span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Best time to visit is March anj June.</span></div>
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<strong style="background: transparent; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><st1:placename>Ranthambhor</st1:placename><span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><st1:placetype>National Park: </st1:placetype></strong>This is the state’s most well-known tiger reserve under Project Tiger. Home of an expansive variety of other animals in its 392 sq km area, one can spot sambhar, cheetal, wild boar, leopard, sloth bear, jackal, hyena among others. Artificial lakes, dense forests and the shield of the Aravallis have helped to make this park very impressive and interesting. <span style="background: transparent; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Best time to visit is October to April.</span></div>
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Another sanctuaries include Sitamata, Darrah, Chambal, Tal Chapper, Jamwa Ramgarh, Kaila Devi, Van Vihar, Ramgarh, Shergarh, Todgarh-Rad and Jawahar Sagar.</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13627048482019499713noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7050439088134615803.post-6107314673870181042014-10-18T08:25:00.005+05:302014-10-18T10:19:56.330+05:30Daily Current Affairs<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>1.</b></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20.7999992370605px;">फ्रांसीसी अर्थशास्त्री जीन तिरोल को अ</span><span class="text_exposed_show" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20.7999992370605px;">र्थशास्त्र का नोबेल पुरस्कार दिया गया है। इसकी घोषणा स्टॉकहोम रॉयल एकेडमी ऑफ साइंस ने की। तिरोल को बाजार शक्ति और नियमन के विश्लेषण के लिए यह सम्मान दिया गया है। प्रोफेसर तिरोल का जन्म 9 अगस्त 1953 को फ्रांस में हुआ। उन्होंने 1976 में इकोल पोलिटेक्टिन से इंजीनियरिंग की परीक्षा पास की और 1981 में उन्होंने एमआईटी से पीएचडी की।</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>2.</b></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20.7999992370605px;">प्रधानमंत्री नरेन्द्र मोदी की प्रशंसा करने से जुड़े घटनाक्रम में कांग्रेस पार्टी ने सोमवार को शशि थरूर को पार्टी के प्रवक्ता के पद से हटा दिया। मोदी की प्रशंसा करने से कांग्रेस की केरल इकाई असहज हो गई थी।</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>3. </b></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20.7999992370605px;">नौसैन्य एवं तटरक्षक प्रशिक्षुओं को प्रशिक्षण देने एवं अरब देशों के साथ बेहतर समुद्री संबंध बनाने के लिए जारी अभियान के तहत भारत के तीन नौसैन्य जहाज दुबई के बंदरगाह पर पहुंच गए हैं। ये जहाज-आईएनएस-तरंगिनी, आईएनएस सुजाता और आईएनएस तीर दक्षिणी नौसैन्य कमान के हैं, जो भारतीय नौसेना की प्रशिक्षण कमान है। इस प्रशिक्षण कमान में अधिकारियों एवं नौसैनिकों को बुनियादी से लेकर आधुनिक प्रशिक्षण तक दिया जाता है।</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>4.</b></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20.7999992370605px;">भारतीय प्रतिभूति एवं विनिमय बोर्ड (सेबी) ने रीयल्टी क्षेत्र की प्रमुख कंपनी डीएलएफ व उसके चेयरमैन के पी सिंह सहित छह शीर्ष कार्यकारियों पर प्रतिभूति बाजार में कारोबार करने की तीन साल की रोक लगा दी है। यह निर्णय कंपनी के 2007 में आए प्रथम सार्वजनिक शेयर निर्गम के संदर्भ में प्रस्तुत सूचनाओं में कथित गड़बड़ी के मामले से जुड़ा है। सेबी ने कंपनी को तथ्यों को सक्रिय रूप से व जानबूझकर दबाने का दोषी पाया है।</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>5.</b></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20.7999992370605px;">किशोर बियाणी के फ्यूचर समूह और वैश्विक ऑनलाइन फुटकर विक्रेता अमेजन के बीच एक रणनीतिक समझौता हुआ है जिसमें दोनों ऑनलाइन एवं ऑफलाइन कारोबार में अपने अनुभवों को बांटेंगे और समन्वय बिठायेंगे। बियाणी ने हालाकि, एक दिन पहले ही ई-कामर्स कंपनियों के कारोबार को लेकर शिकायत की थी।</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>6.</b></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20.7999992370605px;">इसराइल के साथ 50 दिन तक चले संघर्ष में तबाह हुई गाजा पट्टी के पुनर्निर्माण के लिए धन जुटाने के मकसद से आयोजित दानदाता सम्मेलन में कुल 5.4 अरब डॉलर की मदद का संकल्प वैश्विक दानदाताओं ने लिया है। इस राशि में भारत 40 लाख डॉलर का योगदान देगा।</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>7. </b></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20.7999992370605px;">कनाडा ने भारतीय-कनाडाई नादिर पटेल को भारत में अपना नया उच्चायुक्त नियुक्त किया है। यह कदम दोनों देशों के बीच संबंधों को मजबूत करने पर केंद्रित है। कनाडा के विदेश मंत्री जॉन बेयर्ड और अंतरराष्ट्रीय व्यापार मंत्री एड फास्ट ने 44 वर्षीय पटेल की नियुक्ति की घोषणा की।</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>8. </b></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20.7999992370605px;">तरराष्ट्रीय बाजार में कच्चे तेल की कीमतों में हो रही लगातार गिरावट का फायदा तेल कंपनियों ने देश की जनता को देना शुरू कर दिया है। त्योहारों के मौसम आम जनता के लिए यह खुशखबरी है कि एक बार फिर पेट्रोल के दाम घटाए जाएंगे। फिलहाल कच्चे तेल की कीमत अंतरराष्ट्रीय बाजार में 88 डॉलर का एक बैरल मिलता है। सूत्रों के मुताबिक 15 अक्टूबर से पेट्रोल एक रुपए और सस्ता हो सकता है। अंतराष्ट्रीय बाजार में कच्चे तेल की कीमत कम होने की वजह से पेट्रोल के दाम कम किए जाने के संकेत तेल कंपनियों ने दिए हैं।</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>9.</b></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20.7999992370605px;">कोयला ब्लॉक आवंटन घोटाला मामले में एक विशेष अदालत ने सीबीआई की क्लोजर रिपोर्ट को खारिज कर दिया और पूर्व कोयला सचिव एचसी गुप्ता, दो सरकारी सेवक, मध्यप्रदेश स्थित कमल स्पांज स्टील एंड पॉवर लिमिटेड और इसके अधिकारियों को आरोपी के तौर पर तलब किया है। सीबीआई के विशेष न्यायाधीश भारत पराशर ने आईपीसी और भ्रष्टाचार रोकथाम कानून की धाराओं के तहत लोक सेवक द्वारा आपराधिक साजिश, धोखाधड़ी, आपराधिक विश्वासघात के अपराधों का संज्ञान लिया।</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>10.</b></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; letter-spacing: 0.01em; line-height: 20.7999992370605px;">कम्प्यूटर हैकरों के अज्ञात समूह ने धमकी देने के बाद चीन की सरकारी वेबसाइटों की सामग्री जारी की। ऐसा उन्होंने हांगकांग में हो रहे लोकतंत्र समर्थक प्रदर्शनों के समर्थन में किया। हांगकांग आधारित दक्षिण चीन मॉर्निंग पोस्ट की रिपोर्ट के मुताबिक समूह ने जेजियांग प्रांत के निंग्बो मुक्त व्यापार क्षेत्र और रोजगार से जुड़ी सरकारी वेबसाइट के सैंकड़ों नंबर और ई-मेल पते जारी किए।</span></div>
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<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.6em; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">11. </span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.6em; text-align: justify;">रीयल्टी क्षेत्र की प्रमुख कंपनी डीएलएफ को एक बड़ा झटका लगा है। भारतीय प्रतिभूति एवं विनिमय बोर्ड (सेबी) ने इस कंपनी व उसके चेयरमैन एवं मुख्य प्रवर्तक केपी सिंह सहित छह शीर्ष कार्यकारियों पर प्रतिभूति बाजार में कारोबार करने की तीन साल की रोक लगा दी है। यह निर्णय कंपनी के 2007 में आए आरंभिक सार्वजनिक निर्गम (आईपीओ) के संदर्भ में प्रस्तुत सूचनाओं में कथित गड़बड़ी के मामले से जुड़ा है।</span></span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>12. </b></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.6em;">सब्जी समेत खाद्य पदार्थों की कीमतों में गिरावट रहने के बीच सितंबर माह में थोक मूल्य सूचकांक आधारित मुद्रास्फीति पांच साल के न्यूनतम स्तर 2.38 पर आ गई। थोकमूल्य सूचकांक आधारित मुद्रास्फीति अगस्त में 3.74 प्रतिशत रही जबकि एक साल पहले सितंबर 2013 में 7.05 प्रतिशत पर रही थी।</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>13.</b></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.6em;">मंगल की कक्षा में सफलतापूर्वक प्रवेश करने के करीब 20 दिन बाद भारतीय अंतरिक्ष अनुसंधान संगठन (इसरो) के मंगल यान ने मंगलवार को इस लाल ग्रह के दो प्राकृतिक उपग्रहों में सबसे बड़े ‘फोबोस’ के चित्र भेजे। राष्ट्रीय अंतरिक्ष एजेंसी इसरो ने एक छोटी सी फुटेज अपनी सोशल नेटवर्किंग साइट पर साझा की है जिसका कैप्शन है, मंगल के दो प्राकृतिक उपग्रहों में सबसे बड़े फोबोस को मंगल के ऊपर अपनी विशिष्ट कक्षा में पश्चिम से पूर्व की ओर जाते देखा जा सकता है।</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>14. </b></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.6em;">स्विस बैंकों में भारतीयों के कालेधन एवं खुफिया खातों के मामले को आगे बढ़ाने के लिए कर एवं राजस्व अधिकारियों का एक उच्चस्तरीय शिष्टमंडल जल्द ही स्विट्जरलैंड रवाना हो गया है। शिष्टमंडल का नेतृत्व राजस्व सचिव शक्तिकांत दास कर रहे हैं। इसमें सीबीडीटी के अध्यक्ष केवी चौधरी और वित्त मंत्रालय की विदेशी कर शाखा के दो अधिकारी शामिल होंगे।</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>15.</b></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.6em;">निजी क्षेत्र के बैंक कोटक महिन्द्रा बैंक (केएमबी) ने आज फेसबुक के जरिए धन भेजने की एक नई सेवा शुरू की है। इस सेवा के जरिए कोई भी अपने दोस्तों को तुरंत नि:शुल्क धन भेज सकता है। केएमबी के कार्यकारी उपाध्यक्ष और डिजिटल पहल के प्रमुख दीपक शर्मा ने बताया, इसमें धन भेजने अथवा पाने वाला जरूरी नहीं कि हमारा खाताधारक हो। हमने इस सेवा के लिए नेशनल पेमेंट कारपोरेशन ऑफ इंडिया (एनपीसीआई) के आईएमपीएस प्लेटफार्म का इस्तेमाल किया है।</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>16.</b></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.6em;">कंपनियों को विशाल आकार लेने के लिए प्रोत्साहित करने वाले टाईकॉन (दि इंडस इंटरप्रिन्योर्स) चेन्नई ने ऐसी चार कंपनियों का चयन किया है जो भविष्य में अरबों डॉलर की कंपनियां बन सकती हैं। सूचना प्रौद्योगिकी समाधान उपलब्ध कराने वाली कांग्रुएंट सॉल्यूशंस, डिजिटल मैगजीन स्टोर मैग्जस्टर, वित्तीय सॉफ्टवेयर सेवा प्रदाता एफएसएस (फाइनेंशियल सॉफ्टवेयर सिस्टम्स,) और वा टेक वाबाग को तमिलनाडु से संभावित अरबों डॉलर की कंपनियों के तौर पर छांटा गया है।</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>17.</b></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.6em;">प्रधानमंत्री नरेन्द्र मोदी ने चक्रवात ‘हुदहुद’ से मची तबाही के तत्काल बाद राहत कार्य के लिए आंध्रप्रदेश को एक हजार करोड़ रूपये की अंतरिम सहायता देने की घोषणा की।</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>18.</b></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.6em;">औषधि बाजार नियामक एनपीपीए ने नोवार्टिस पर एक दवा के अनुचित रूप से उंचा मूल्य वसूलने के आरोप में 300 करोड़ रपये जुर्माना लगाया है। यह कार्रवाई कंपनी की सबसे ज्यादा बिकने वाली दर्द निवारक दवा वोवरैन पर उपभोक्ताओं से अधिक मूल्य वसूलने के मामले में की गयी है। स्विस दवा कंपनी ने यह पुष्टि नहीं की है कि राष्ट्रीय भेषज मूल्य निर्धारण प्राधिकरण (एनपीपीए) द्वारा उस पर कुल कितना जुर्माना लगाया गया है। कंपनी ने कहा कि यह नोटिस ‘गलत और पूरी तरह से भ्रामक’ है।</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>19.</b></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.6em;">पूंजी बाजार नियामक सेबी ने 12 साल से अधिक पुराने एक मामले में टाटा फाइनेंस के प्रबंध निदेशक दिलिप पेंडसे को इन्फोसिस और पूर्ववर्ती टेल्को समेत चार कंपनियों के शेयरों में गैरकानूनी कारोबार करने का दोषी पाया है। सेबी के ताजा आदेश के तहत पेंडसे पर पूंजी बाजार में कारोबार करने से दो साल के लिये प्रतिबंध लगा दिया गया है। सेबी का यह आदेश वषोर्ं की जांच और सेबी द्वारा जारी विभिन्न आदेशों और इस बीच प्रतिभूति अपीलीय न्यायाधिकरण के निर्देशों के बाद जारी हुआ है।</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>20. </b></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.6em;">भारत की एक महिला पुलिस निरीक्षक को अफगानिस्तान में संयुक्त राष्ट्र मिशन में ड्यूटी में असाधारण उपलब्धियां अर्जित करने और यौन एवं लिंग आधारित हिंसा के पीड़ितों की मदद करने के प्रयासों के लिए विश्व निकाय की पुलिस शाखा ने प्रतिष्ठित अंतरराष्ट्रीय महिला शांतिरक्षक पुरस्कार से नवाजा है। जम्मू-कश्मीर पुलिस की निरीक्षक शक्ति देवी को अंतरराष्ट्रीय महिला पुलिस शांतिरक्षक पुरस्कार-2014 से पुरस्कृत किया गया है। वह वर्तमान में अफगानिस्तान में संयुक्त राष्ट्र मिशन में तैनात हैं।</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13627048482019499713noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7050439088134615803.post-31313640293796947562014-10-17T15:19:00.002+05:302014-10-17T15:19:27.121+05:30Bhakti movement in Rajasthan<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="http://rajasthangks.blogspot.in/2013/07/bhakti-movement-in-rajasthan.html" style="color: #6666cc; text-decoration: none;">Bhakti movement in Rajasthan</a></h3>
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<b style="text-align: justify;">Bhakti movement in Rajasthan</b><span style="text-align: justify;">: Bhakti movement in <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD12" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;">Medieval</span> India is responsible for the many rites and rituals associated with the worship of God by Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs of Indian subcontinent. Bhakti movement originated in ancient Tamil Nadu in 12th Century. Nayanmars and Alvars played major role in Bhakti movement. It began to spread to <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD4" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;">the north</span>during the late medieval ages when north India was under <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD8" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;">Islamic</span> rule. The main period of Bhakti Movement in Rajasthan is early 16th Century to late 18th Century. The Islamic rulers were pressing public to convert religion from Hindu to Islam. The Bhakti movement was counter to the prevalent caste ideology which was dividing <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD9" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;">Hinduism</span>. So, the Bhakti movement has its own importance to save Hinduism. The movement was spontaneous and the mystics had their own versions of devotional expression which <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD11" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;">play a</span> major role in Rajasthan.</span><br /><div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-4292075787318471307" itemprop="description articleBody" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 578px;">
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<b>Main <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD5" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;">Characteristics of</span> Bhakti Movement</b>:</div>
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One chief characteristic of the Bhakti movement can be mentioned as belief in one God. A devotee could worship God by love and devotion. The second characteristic of the Bhakti movement <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD7" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;">was that</span> there was no need to worship idols or to perform elaborate rituals for seeking his grace. The third feature on which the Bhakti saints laid stress was the equality of all castes. There was no distinction of high or low as far as the devotion to God was concerned. The fourth feature was the emphasis, which these saints laid on Hindu-Muslim unity. According to these saints all men irrespective of their religion are equal <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD2" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;">in the eyes</span> of God. The saints preached in the language of the common people like Rajasthani, Khadi and other local language. They did not use Sanskrit, which was the language of the cultured few. These saints laid stress on purity of heart and practice of virtues like truth, honesty, kindness, and charity. Some saints regarded God as formless or Nirguna while others consider him as having different forms or Saguna. Most of Bhakti Movement saint in Rajasthan are of Saguna Bhakta.<br /><b>Important Bhakti Saints of Rajasthan</b>:<br />1. Dadu Dayal<br />2. Sundar das<br />3. Meera Bai<br />4. Bhakhan<br />5. Wajind<br />6. Raghavdas<br />7. Lal Das<br />8. Charan Das<br />9. Movaji<br />10. Khwaja Moinuddin Chisti </div>
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<a href="http://rajasthangks.blogspot.in/2013/07/main-religious-center-of-vallabh-sect.html" style="color: #6666cc; text-decoration: none;">Main religious center of Vallabh sect in Rajasthan is ?</a></h3>
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The main <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD10" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;">religious</span> center of Vallabh sect in Rajasthan is ?<br /><div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-2136346522428342852" itemprop="description articleBody" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 578px;">
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A. Nathdwara<br />B. Salemabad<br />C. Pushkar<br />D. Goga-medi<br />Ans: A</div>
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<a href="http://rajasthangks.blogspot.in/2013/06/rani-sati-temple-is-situated-at.html" style="color: #6666cc; text-decoration: none;">Rani Sati temple is situated at ?</a></h3>
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Rani Sati temple is situated at ?<br /><div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-3989510712061940790" itemprop="description articleBody" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 578px;">
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A. Sikar<br />B. Jhunjhunu<br />C. Karoli<br />D. Udaipur<br />Ans: B</div>
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<a href="http://rajasthangks.blogspot.in/2013/06/sheetla-mata-in-rajasthan.html" style="color: #6666cc; text-decoration: none;">Sheetla Mata in Rajasthan</a></h3>
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<span style="text-align: justify;">Sheetla Mata is worshiped in whole rajasthan and most of Northern state of India. The two main place are</span><b style="text-align: justify;">dhanoop </b><span style="text-align: justify;">in Bhilwara and </span><b style="text-align: justify;">Sheel-ki-Doongri</b><span style="text-align: justify;"> Jaipur. Dhanop is a little village near Bhilwara with only the Sheetla Mata Temple to boast of. But it makes for an interesting visit as it's the brightest temple around. The walls and pillars are bright red while <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD3" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;">the roof</span> is shining white. The floor is of marble, and a checkered one at that. In the composite is a neem (Azadirachta indica) tree which looks more like <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD1" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;">a Christmas tree</span>. This is because of the hundreds of colorful <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD6" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;">pieces of</span> cloth which devotees have tied around its branches in the belief that it will fulfill their wishes.</span><br /><div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-2671151715109098586" itemprop="description articleBody" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 578px;">
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Sheetla Mata Fair in honour of the goddess of small-pox is held in all village and towns on Sheetla Ashtama day. The biggest fair is held in March-April every year at Seel-Ki-Doongri, a village in Jaipur district. There is a shrine dedicated to the Mata on a hillock, locally called Doongri. The present temple is said to have been erected by Maharaja Madho Singh of Jaipur. The fair is attended by one lakh or more people.</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13627048482019499713noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7050439088134615803.post-78985772088055265172014-10-17T08:06:00.001+05:302014-10-17T08:06:04.593+05:30Man Booker Prize 2014<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Man Booker Prize 2014</span></span></h1>
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<a href="http://currentaffairs.nirdeshak.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2014/10/Man-Booker-Prize-2014.jpg" style="-webkit-appearance: none; box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: black;"><img alt="Man-Booker-Prize-2014" class="size-medium wp-image-1243 alignleft" height="225" src="http://currentaffairs.nirdeshak.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2014/10/Man-Booker-Prize-2014-460x345.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: auto; margin: 0px 15px 15px 0px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" width="300" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: underline;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1)</strong></span> अंग्रेजी साहित्य के प्रतिष्ठित मैन बुकर पुरस्कार का वर्ष 2014 का संस्करण (Man Booker Prize 2014) ऑस्ट्रेलियाई लेखक रिचर्ड फ्लानागन (Richard Flanagan) को 14 अक्टूबर 2014 को प्रदान किया गया। यह पुरस्कार उनकी किस कृति के लिए प्रदान किया गया है? –<span style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: underline;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">‘<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">The Narrow Road to the Deep North</em>’</strong></span></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">विस्तार:</strong> उल्लेखनीय है कि यह पुस्तक (‘<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">The Narrow Road to the Deep North</em>’) द्वितीय विश्व युद्ध में थाईलैण्ड-बर्मा के बीच बनाई गई कुख्यात “डेथ रेलवे” (Death Railway) के निर्माण पर आधारित है जिसके निर्माण में लगभग एक लाख लोगों को अपनी जान देनी पड़ी थी। इस पुरस्कार के लिए 50,000 ब्रिटिश पाउण्ड (79,530 अमेरिकी डॉलर) प्रदान किए गए। यह पहला मौका था जब मैन बुकर पुरस्कार सभी अंग्रेजी साहित्यकारों के लिए खोला गया था। इससे पहले यह पुरस्कार सिर्फ यूनाइटेड किंग्डम (UK), राष्ट्रमण्डल समूह के सभी सदस्यों, रिपब्लिक ऑफ आयरलैण्ड तथा जिम्बाब्वे के लेखकों को उनकी अंग्रेजी कृतियों के लिए प्रदान किया जाता था।</div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">………………………………………………………………..</strong></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: underline;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2)</strong></span> भारतीय रिज़र्व बैंक (RBI) ने 13 अक्टूबर 2014 को शहरी सहकारी बैंकों (urban co-operative banks -UCBs) को वित्तीय रूप से सुदृढ़ और भली प्रकार से प्रबन्धित बैंकों की श्रेणी (financially sound and well managed – FSWM) में लाने के लिए एक अतिरिक्त शर्त की घोषणा की है। यह अतिरिक्त शर्त क्या है? – <span style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: underline;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">कोर बैंकिंग सॉल्यूशन (CBS) को लागू करना</strong></span></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">विस्तार:</strong> उल्लेखनीय है कि अभी तक शहरी सहकारी बैंकों को FSWM की श्रेणी का बैंक घोषित किया जाने के लिए जिन शर्तों को पूरा करना पड़ता था उनमें प्रमुख हैं – सकल गैर-निष्पादित परिसम्पत्तियाँ (Gross NPAs) 7% से कम हों, शुद्ध गैर-निष्पादित परिसम्पत्तियाँ (Net NPAs) 3% से कम हों तथा पूँजी से जोखिम वाली परिसम्पत्तियों का प्रतिशत (capital to risk weighted assets ratio) 10% से कम न हो। अब RBI द्वारा CBS से सम्बन्धित यह नई शर्त लगाने का अर्थ हुआ कि इस शर्त को शहरी सहकारी बैंकों द्वारा नई शाखाओं को खोलने, नए ATM लगाने तथा व्यवसाय संवर्द्धन सम्बन्धी अन्य प्रस्तावों को पारित करने के लिए अनिवार्य बनाया जायेगा। वैसे शहरी सहकारी बैंकों के लिए RBI की तमाम अन्य शर्तें भी लागू हैं जिनपर नज़र रखी जाती है।</div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">………………………………………………………………..</strong></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: underline;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3)</strong></span> 13 अक्टूबर को जारी किए गए वर्ष 2014 के वैश्विक भूख सूचकांक (Global Hunger Index 2014 – GHI) में भारत को किस स्थान पर रखा गया है? – <span style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: underline;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">55वें स्थान पर (कुल 76 देशों में से)</strong></span></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">विस्तार:</strong> इस सूचकांक को इंटरनेशनल फूड पॉलिसी रिसर्च इंस्टीट्यूट (IFPRI) द्वारा जारी किया गया जिसमें देशों को भूख की समस्या से लड़ने की क्षमता के आधार पर अंक देकर विभिन्न स्थानों पर रखा जाता है। भारत को इस साल 17.8 अंक मिले हैं तथा वर्ष 2013 की इसी सूची के अपने 63वें स्थान से भारत ने कुल 8 स्थान का सुधार किया है। इस सूचकांक के अनुसार भारत ने पिछले एक साल अपनी स्थिति में काफी सुधार किया है तथा भूख के कारण कुपोषित बच्चों की भरमार वाले देशों के साथ अब उसे नहीं रखा गया है। उल्लेखनीय है कि भारत ने वर्ष 2005-06 से 2013-14 के बीच खासकर बच्चों के पोषण के सम्बन्ध में काफी सुधार किया है। इस सूची में भारत ने 57वें स्थान पर काबिज पाकिस्तान और बांग्लादेश पर बढ़त ली है। लेकिन वह 44वें स्थान पर काबिज नेपाल और 39वें स्थान पर काबिज श्रीलंका से अभी भी पीछे है।</div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: underline;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">4)</strong></span> 14 अक्टूबर 2014 को जारी केन्द्र सरकार के आंकड़ों के अनुसार सितम्बर 2014 के दौरान थोक मूल्य सूचकांक (WPI) पर आधारित भारत की मुद्रास्फीति की दर 2.38% के दर तक गिर गई। यह किस माह के बाद की निम्नतम मुद्रास्फीति दर है? – <span style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: underline;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">अक्टूबर 2009</strong></span></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">विस्तार:</strong> उल्लेखनीय है कि एक माह पहले अगस्त 2014 के दौरान थोक मूल्य सूचकांक पर आधारित मुद्रास्फीति की दर 3.74% थी। सितम्बर के दौरान दर गिर कर 2.38% पर पहुँचने का मुख्य कारण खाद्य पदार्थों और तेल के मूल्य में आई कमी रहा। वहीं सितम्बर 2014 के दौरान उपभोक्ता मूल्य सूचकांक (CPI) पर आधारित मुद्रास्फीति की दर भी गिर कर 6.46% के स्तर पर आ गई जोकि जनवरी 2012 के बाद की न्यूनतम दर है।</div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: underline;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">5)</strong></span> अमेरिका के न्यूयॉर्क शहर की निर्माणाधीन रिहायशी इमारत 432 पार्क एवेन्यू (432 Park Avenue) हाल ही में चर्चा में क्यों आई? – <span style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: underline;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1,396 फीट की ऊँचाई के साथ यह अब न्यूयॉर्क की सबसे ऊँची इमारत हो गई है</strong></span></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">विस्तार:</strong> 432 पार्क एवेन्यू न्यूयॉर्क शहर के मध्य मैनहेटन (Manhattan) क्षेत्र में स्थित है तथा इस रिहायशी इमारत का निर्माण ग्रुप द्वारा किया जा रहा है। इसमें 104 शानदार कोण्डोमीनियम अपार्टमेण्ट स्थित हैं। 1,396 फीट की ऊँचाई के साथ इसकी ऊँचाई वन वर्ल्ड ट्रेड सेण्टर से 30 फुट अधिक हो गई है। 432 पार्क एवेन्यू अब अमेरिका की तीसरी सबसे ऊँची इमारत है और रिहायशी इमारतों में यह विश्व की कुछ सबसे ऊँची इमारतों के साथ कतार में आ खड़ी हुई है।</div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: underline;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">6)</strong></span> भारत की महिला पुलिस इंस्पेक्टर शक्ति देवी को हाल ही में संयुक्त राष्ट्र के पुलिस प्रभाग के अंतर्राष्ट्रीय महिला पुलिस शांतिरक्षक पुरस्कार 2014 (UN’s Police Division’s International Female Police Peacekeeper Award 2014) से सम्मानित किया गया है। उन्हें अफगानिस्तान में संयुक्त राष्ट्र के मिशन में उल्लेखनीय कार्य के लिए यह सम्मान प्रदान किया गया है। शक्ति देवी भारत के किस राज्य के पुलिस विभाग में कार्यरत हैं? – <span style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: underline;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">जम्मू एवं कश्मीर</strong></span></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">विस्तार:</strong> उन्हें यह सम्मान अफगानिस्तान के विभिन्न स्थानों पर संयुक्त राष्ट्र की पुलिस परिषद (UN Women Police Councils) की स्थापना में किए उल्लेखनीय योगदान के लिए यह सम्मान अक्टूबर 2014 के दौरान कनाडा के विन्नीपेग (Winnipeg) में प्रदान किया गया।</div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: underline;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">7)</strong></span> अमेरिकी अंतरिक्ष एजेंसी नासा (NASA) के गोडार्ड इंस्टीट्यूट फॉर स्पेस साइंसेज़ द्वारा जारी आंकड़ों के अनुसार वर्ष 2014 का सितम्बर माह अब तक का सबसे गर्म सितम्बर रहा है। यह माह वर्ष 1951 से 1980 के बीच के सभी सितम्बर माह के औसत तापमान से 0.78 डिग्री सेल्सियस अधिक गर्म रहा। इससे पहला किस वर्ष का सितम्बर माह अब तक का सबसे गर्म सितम्बर माह रहा था? – <span style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: underline;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2005 का</strong></span></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">विस्तार:</strong> इन आंकड़ों से इस बात की संभावना और बढ़ गई है कि वर्ष 2014 अब तक का सबसे गर्म हो जाए। उल्लेखनीय है कि वर्ष 2014 का अगस्त माह भी अभी तक का सबसे गर्म रहा था। वर्ष 2014 के अधिक गर्म रहने का एक मुख्य कारण सागरों के तापमान में वृद्धि तथा अल नीनो प्रभाव (El Nino Effect) को माना जा रहा है।</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13627048482019499713noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7050439088134615803.post-70945972456014251592014-10-17T07:59:00.000+05:302014-10-17T07:59:06.918+05:30IRNSS-1C<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">India’s third navigation satellite IRNSS-1C was launche</span><span style="line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">d</span></span></h1>
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<a href="http://currentaffairs.nirdeshak.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2014/10/IRNSS-1C-launch-Oct-2014.jpg" style="-webkit-appearance: none; box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: black;"><img alt="IRNSS-1C-launch-Oct-2014" class="size-medium wp-image-1247 alignleft" height="214" src="http://currentaffairs.nirdeshak.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2014/10/IRNSS-1C-launch-Oct-2014-460x329.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: auto; margin: 0px 15px 15px 0px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" width="300" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: underline;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1)</strong></span> India’s third navigation satellite IRNSS-1C was launched and placed successfully in its pre-designated orbit on 16 October 2014. This launch was executed by ISRO from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) in Sriharikota at 1.32 a.m. Which rocket of ISRO launched this satellite? – <span style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: underline;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">PSLV-C26</strong></span></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Explanation:</strong> PSLV-C26 stands for Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle C26 while IRNSS-1C stands for Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System-1C. IRNSS-1C is the third of the seven navigation satellites in the Indian Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) and has wide-ranging applications in terrestrial, aerial and marine navigation. India has proposed to launch seven navigational satellites under the IRNSS series to put in place India’s navigation system on par with US’ Global Positioning System (GPS). The first two satellites in the series, IRNSS 1A and IRNSS 1B were also launched from Sriharikota on 1 July 2013 and 4 April 2014 respectively.</div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: underline;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2)</strong></span> On 15 October 2014, China reacted strongly to announcement of which ambitious project by the Indian Government a few days ago? – <span style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: underline;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Construction of 1800-km highway along China border in Arunachal Pradesh</strong></span></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Explanation:</strong> India had announced an ambitious project to construct highway along the McMahon Line in Arunachal Pradesh, mainly to counter China. China has already laid out a huge road network close to international borders in Arunachal. The proposed Indo-China frontier highway, that will be monitored by the Home Ministry will run parallel along the China border and will be 1,800 km long. This road project will be the biggest single infrastructure project in the history of India with an estimated cost of over Rs 40,000 crore. China has opposed India’s road project saying that first the border dispute between the two countries should be resolved.</div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: underline;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3)</strong></span> Who was conferred with the Best Central Bank Governor award for 2014 by Euromoney magazine on 10 October 2014? – <span style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: underline;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Raghuram Rajan</strong></span>, Governor of Reserve Bank of India</div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Explanation:</strong> This prestigious award was given to him for the tough monetary measures adopted by him to battle the storm ravaging the deficit-ridden Indian economy in the recent market crisis. In January 2003, the American Finance Association had awarded Raghuram Rajan the inaugural Fischer Black Prize for the best finance researcher under the age of 40.</div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: underline;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">4)</strong></span> Which Indian private airline company on 15 October 2014 signed an agreement to buy 250 planes from European aircraft giant Airbus, a deal said to be the biggest sale ever for Airbus in terms of number of aircrafts? – <span style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: underline;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">IndiGo</strong></span></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Explanation:</strong> IndiGo is the largest airline company in India by market share and is the only airline among the four biggest currently operating to consistently report profits. It signed an MOU with France-based Airbus Industrie to buy 250 of its A320neo aircrafts to expand its fleet. Delivery of the 250 aircraft would start from 2018. These new aircraft will allow IndiGo to retire its older aircraft and keep the average age of its fleet to around six years, helping to keep operating costs down.</div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: underline;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">5)</strong></span> Who was chosen as the Most Valuable Player (MVP) of India’s Incheon Asian Games campaign at a felicitation of the medal winners on 13 October 2014? –<span style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: underline;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">M.C. Mary Kom</strong></span></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Explanation:</strong> Mary Kom became the first Indian woman boxer to win a gold medal in Asian Games when she clinched the yellow metal in flyweight (51kg) class at the 17<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">th</span> Asian Games held at Incheon (South Korea). She was named the MVP after a poll conducted by sponsors of Indian contingent Samsung India. All the 11 individual/team gold winners, including the men’s hockey team, were in the contest</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13627048482019499713noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7050439088134615803.post-13967396246730349022014-10-16T12:08:00.000+05:302014-10-16T12:08:01.323+05:30राजस्थान की प्रमुख बाँध व नदियाँ<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: #fdfefa; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: medium; font-weight: normal; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; text-align: justify;">Rajasthan's </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Utopia, 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, serif; font-size: medium; font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;">major dams and rivers: -</span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">Rivers of Rajasthan: </span><span style="font-size: small;">-</span> </b> natural-flowing stream in the ocean are called Fall River. Rajasthan's river systems are naturally divided into 3 parts: -</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">1. The Bay of Bengal to the river system</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">2. Arabian Sea and the river systems</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">3. Internal drainage system</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>River system in the Bay of Bengal: -</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">River systems in the Bay of Bengal, including the following rivers - Chambal, Banas, Bedhc, Kothari, Khari, Mansi, Morel, Parvati, Kalisindh, Parwan, Ahu, Nivaj, Bamni, Kural, gambhiri, serious, Banganga.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>Chambal river: -</b></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhP540cucB22hmxLAgxJ-2_b0WFlI3sfOXnVzKtKU3ElDljkHiz6LJxfPlFMQvhAep6RmpkZnwrwMfHZpGotH-35Qfv7caV6oFRsf5wNHDnqAb3L0s11EzsgCp1qxNF1l87lqiKCSA6P4E/s1600/gharial-seen-at-the-chambal-river-in-india.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: black;"><img alt="Chambal River" border="0" height="132" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhP540cucB22hmxLAgxJ-2_b0WFlI3sfOXnVzKtKU3ElDljkHiz6LJxfPlFMQvhAep6RmpkZnwrwMfHZpGotH-35Qfv7caV6oFRsf5wNHDnqAb3L0s11EzsgCp1qxNF1l87lqiKCSA6P4E/s200/gharial-seen-at-the-chambal-river-in-india.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-left-radius: 5px; border-bottom-right-radius: 5px; border-top-left-radius: 5px; border-top-right-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" title="" width="200" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 10px; text-align: center;"><b>Sitting in the Chambal river crocodile</b></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> In the northern slope of the mountain is the source of the Vindhyas. (MP) desert / mountain Janapavon have evolved from Mhow. The state's north - west side flows. Then northeast of Chittorgarh in Rajasthan Carasigdh flows to enter the place called. Chittorgarh in the north to a place called Bansrodgdh Bamni river Chambal river draining into the left side. Culia Falls are located in this area, which has a height of approximately 18 meters. It's not Chambal is also famous for the Gdialo. </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Chambal River near Dang regional development program for the development of the rugged area, den regional development programs are running. Chambal River, India's only <a href="http://www.google.co.in/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&docid=EiNtAjcJR98O9M&tbnid=uJvaJaEncU6z1M:&ved=0CAUQjBwwAA&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.photospin.com%2Fcontent%2Fphotos%2Ffull%2F137_3137728.jpg&ei=60BlUY_9DovtrQe51YGgBA&psig=AFQjCNEjGkR1YsrZ8oBNIhmlbU4KKQ6PPg&ust=1365676651310590" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><i><b>crocodile sanctuary</b></i><span id="goog_146750768"></span><span id="goog_146750769"></span></a> Are located within the sanctuary Bansrodgdh Sanctuary, Jawahar Sagar Sanctuary, including Chambal Sanctuary. These fall under three crocodile sanctuary. Crocodile breeding center are located in Morena, where crocodiles are released into river Chambal. Dolphin fish are found in the Chambal River. The <a href="http://images.jagran.com/images/30_08_2012-dolphingangaes30.jpg" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><i><b>galactic sous</b></i> </a> says.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>Chambal's Drift: -</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">- Chittorgarh, Kota, Bundi, Madhopur, Karauli, Dholpur flowing near Itawa in Uttar Pradesh (Muradganj) are found in the Yamuna.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">- Chambal River, the longest tributary of the Yamuna.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">- Kota, Bundi and Karauli in the river valley / Bnrs / leak flows.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">- Between Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh, 250 kilometers (241 km) long border afford.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">- Chambal in Rajasthan has a total length of 135 kilometers. (From Chittorgarh to Snwaimadopur)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">- Chambal has a total length of 966 kilometers.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">- Chambal's nickname: - Kamdenu, Charmanwati, perennial, are Nitywahi.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>Chambal River Dam (in order from north to south): -</b></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 10px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>Kota Barrage Dam </b></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>Kota - Barrage Dam: -</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Located in Kota, are the barrier dam. Kota Barrage for irrigation dam Nhre are ejected.</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 10px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>Jawahar Sagar Dam </b></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b> Jawahar Sagar Dam: -</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Located in Kota, the hydro-electric are produced. It is no irrigation.</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 10px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>Sagar Ranapratap</b></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>Ranapratap Sagar Dam: -</b> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Bansrodgdh located near Chittorgarh (Carasigdh in the north) would generate hydropower.</span></div>
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<tr><td><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEC2tEc3JP1EOcfz2Rds6qJABmEKt5nOA812FIJjJdZnOEP9wNjdHHADuviSZMkYECwlBlJp-obSJV8wUVZ7bGfoVHxnACpEgNUApByUneKF4sB3D7thTCNlhrVv4O6GrAI9FRFmnASrU/s1600/Gandhi+Sagar+Dam.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="128" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEC2tEc3JP1EOcfz2Rds6qJABmEKt5nOA812FIJjJdZnOEP9wNjdHHADuviSZMkYECwlBlJp-obSJV8wUVZ7bGfoVHxnACpEgNUApByUneKF4sB3D7thTCNlhrVv4O6GrAI9FRFmnASrU/s200/Gandhi+Sagar+Dam.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-left-radius: 5px; border-bottom-right-radius: 5px; border-top-left-radius: 5px; border-top-right-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 20px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="200" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 10px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>Gandhi Sagar Dam</b></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>Gandhi Sagar Dam -</b> the dam are located in Mandsaur district of Madhya Pradesh from Rajasthan.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><b>All these dams, says Chambal River Valley Project, which was the first project of Rajasthan.</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span><br /><ul style="line-height: 1.4; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em;">
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">This project is a joint project of Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. Which are 50-50% participation. </span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Chambal and Mahi river enters from the south.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Begin production in the first set and the second five year plan.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">There are a total of 8 lifts canal on Chambal river, canal lift Banra for which 6 (Banra - Vrahnagri), 2 for quota.</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>Indira Gandhi Lift Canal: -</b> Swanimadopur located in the Karauli district has supplied water for drinking and irrigation.</span></div>
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<br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>Total power output: -</b></span></div>
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<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Jawahar Sagar Dam: - 99 MW</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ranapratap Sagar Dam: - 115 MW</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Gandhi Sagar Dam: - 172 MW</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Total output: - 386 MW</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The Rajasthan 386/2 = 193 MW receive.</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>On the right, meet in the Chambal river: -</b></span></div>
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<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Kalisindha, Parvati (directly), the license ahu, nivaja (all indirect).</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">- Kalisindh and combines Ahu in Jhalawar where Gagron fort are located, which are Jldurg.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">- Basrodgdh purely Jldurg who Bamni and are located at the confluence of the Chambal River.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">- Kalisindha, Parvati and nivaja is the cradle of Madhya Pradesh.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">- Dale's origin is from Jhalawar.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">- Under the first Kalisindh and Betwa river linking project will be connected to.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>From the left side of the river Chambal river: -</b></span></div>
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<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Banas beraca, Kothari, Khari, Mansi, Morel, etc. The Kural bamani.</span></li>
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<br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>Banas River: -</b> The nickname Varnasha, one hopes, will Vshishti.</span></div>
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<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">It Kmnaur in Rajsamand Hills (near Kumblgdh) are derived from.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Rajsamand, Udaipur, Chittorgarh, Bhilwara, Ajmer, Tonk, Swanimadopur flowing Kndar are found in the Chambal.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i><b>Kndar Abyarnd </b></i> are located in Swanimadopur.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Raysinh Todha Banas River near Bisalpur dam are located in Tonk, Jaipur and Ajmer to get water from the dam. </span></li>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b> </b></span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b> Isrda Dam: -</b></span></div>
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<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Swanimadopur and Tonk are located at the border, the border villages of Tonk Swanimadopur and get water.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Banas River, the longest river flowing entirely in Rajasthan. Its total length is 480 km.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Rajasthan is the longest river Chambal River.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The longest river is the river Banas in Rajasthan.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Banas catchment area are 10.40%, 20.80% of the Chambal.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Tributaries of Banas: - Bedhc, Kothari, Khari, Mansi, Morel, gambhiri, Manal, who Bandhi.</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>Kothari river: -</b></span></div>
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<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Diver in Rajsamand originate from a place called Bijrala from the hills.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Rajsamand - Bhilwara are drifting, falling in Banas in Bhilwara.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Bhilwara on the river <b><i>Meja dam </i></b> are located. Bhilwara to provide drinking water to the city.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The pebbles are made of stone dam.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Kothari river, a tributary of the Banas.</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>Bedhc River: -</b></span></div>
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<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Originate from the hills of Udaipur and Gogunda. Its ancient name was Aidh.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Udaipur, Rajsamand, Bhilwara in Bhilwara Banas are found in the rivers flow.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Origin Udysagr from falling into the lake and called it Aidh Ahd civilization are located along the same river. If the Tamrpashankalin civilization.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The Riverside Research Institute are located in Udaipur, scheduled castes and scheduled tribes. (Udaysagr: - By Banas Bedhc).</span></li>
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<br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>Gambhiri: -</b></span></div>
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<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">It evolved from the Saddi Chittorgarh and Bhilwara in Banas in the fall.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Has established a dam on the river.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Drinking water and irrigation water for the tribes are available.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">It is a tributary Bedhc.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Gmbiri in Bhilwara Bedhc draining into the river, where Bedhc make Triveni Sangam. (Menal, Gmbiri, Bedhc)</span></li>
</ul>
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<br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>Banganga: -</b></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: #fdfefa; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em; text-align: justify;">
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In Jayupr Bairath also arise from the hills.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Jaipur, Dausa, Bharatpur flowing into the Yamuna in Uttar Pradesh in the fall.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Rajasthan Rajasthan is the only river flowing out from the Yamuna fall alone.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Near the river in Jaipur Carpets Murykalin culture and Buddhist culture have been uncovered.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ashoka Bairath also (Virat Nagar) Brabu enrolled inscription, which mentions Triratna. (Buddha, Dhamma, Union).</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Fishing Capital of the district are megapolis.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">North - eastern Rajasthan Banganga The longest river is flowing.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The area around the river in the district during the district was known as fish, whose capital was megapolis.</span></li>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></ul>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>*** Features: -</b></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: #fdfefa; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em; text-align: justify;">
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Most rivers draining into the Bay of Bengal, are derived from the peninsular plateau. (The river originates from the Aravalli, Jojri / interior)</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and out into the Bay of Bengal in the south, draining into the river Chambal.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Eastern Rajasthan has the highest amount of water flowing in rivers surplus. (Upper water or surface water)</span></li>
</ul>
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<br /><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">Arabian Sea and the river systems: -</span></b></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: #fdfefa; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em; text-align: justify;">
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Mon, mahi, jakhama, Anas, pressure, flexing, Looney, lilari, sukari, mithari, javami, engagement, bandi, jojari / jojari, sabaramati, West Banas</span></li>
</ul>
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<br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>Mahi river: -</b></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: #fdfefa; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em; text-align: justify;">
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">It originated in Dhar district in Madhya Pradesh Mehd lake in the hills caused by the Ammoru.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Banswara Mahi river flow enters from the south-west flows, flows north, then west flows. Then south - west flowing into the Gulf of Kmmat fall.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Mahi river Dungarpur - are forming the boundary between Banswara.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Dugrpur Mon - Mahi - Jakm Beneshvr at the confluence of the Fair fills.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The tribal Kumbh Mela says that it fills the full moon of Magh Mela.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">This temple was built by Mavji.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Poop Mavji of the Dni / owner says.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Mavji penance had the Mahi River.</span></li>
</ul>
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<br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>Mahi Bajaj Sagar Dam / Jamnalal Bajaj Sagar Dam: -</b></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: #fdfefa; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em; text-align: justify;">
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The joint project in Rajasthan and Gujarat, Rajasthan electricity generated by the dam meet. 140 MW, are located in Banswara.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Kdhana Dam on the border of Gujarat and Dungarpur (Mahi river) built on Gujarat power, the dam was taken by Gujarat.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The dam will get water from the Narmada canal.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Banswara Mahi River nuclear power plant are being installed. The project will be based on thorium.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Jamnalal Bajaj fifth son of Mahatma Gandhi. It was Gandhi's financing.</span></li>
</ul>
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<br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>Jakm River: -</b></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: #fdfefa; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em; text-align: justify;">
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Its origin is from Pratapgarh small Saddi.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Dungarpur are found in the Mahi river.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">If Jakm dam built on the river in Pratapgarh.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The dam was built under Tribal Sub Plan, whose objectives Pratapgarh, to develop the tribal belt of Banswara.</span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>Somndi: -</b></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: #fdfefa; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em; text-align: justify;">
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">This stems from a place called Bicamedha in the hills of Udaipur Bablvadha (near Rishabhadev) happens.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Jakm in Dungarpur meet.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Mon Kagdhr project are located in Udaipur. (DAM)</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Mon Caterpillar AMBA project in Dungarpur. (Village)</span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>Luni River: -</b></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: #fdfefa; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em; text-align: justify;">
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Snake in the hills of Ajmer is from the cradle.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">It Ajmer, Nagaur, Pali, Jodhpur, Barmer, Jalore flowing enters Gujarat.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Its nickname Muse, Sakri (Sakri are).</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">By Balotra sweet river. Then it becomes brackish water.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Its length is 250 km from Barmer, Balotra.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Length of up to 150 km from Balotra JALORE. (That protrudes from Jalore)</span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>Tributaries: -</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b> Jojri / Jojdi (inner / Biddi): -</b></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: #fdfefa; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em; text-align: justify;">
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Origin of Nagaur and Jodhpur, flowing south from the south - west Barmer enters.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Border (Barmer) to fall in Luni.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The river originates from the Aravalli. Its length is 150 kilometers.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The longest river tributaries.</span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b> Lildi River: -</b></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: #fdfefa; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em; text-align: justify;">
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Its origins come from the mountains of Sojat in shifts and shifts are found in the Luni.</span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b> Bandi river: -</b></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: #fdfefa; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em; text-align: justify;">
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The Aravali Mountains in the west and shift to originate from a place called Fulad fall in Luni.</span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b> Sukdi: -</b></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: #fdfefa; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em; text-align: justify;">
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">This is from the cradle Desuri in the Pali district.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Luni River near Barmer in Smddi in the fall.</span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b> Javami River: -</b></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: #fdfefa; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em; text-align: justify;">
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Originating from the northern slope of Mount Abu in Sirohi.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Shift on the river (in sumerpur) are located Jwani dam, whose construction Ummedsinh built by the Maharaja of Jodhpur.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The shift from the dam, Jodhpur drinking water and irrigation was available.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Canal, dam Jwani to Jodhpur</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The dam supplies water to the river Sei in Udaipur are being collected at the dam.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Removing an underground canal from the dam, which will supply water to the dam Jwani.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Sei Jalore and Sirohi on completion of the project to get water from Jawai Bandh.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Engagement, Mitdi rivers originating from the hills of the Aravali in Pali.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Fall in Luni in Jodhpur. 're Here to help.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Disa Gujarat are located on the western Banas.</span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b> </b><b>West Banas: -</b></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: #fdfefa; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em; text-align: justify;">
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">This stems from the hills to the south, Mount Abu Sireahin come from the south.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The river is full of water to get to Gujarat.</span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b> Sabarmati: -</b></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: #fdfefa; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em; text-align: justify;">
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Its origin is from a place called Kotra in Udaipur.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">If the water gets completely Gujarat.</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="background-color: #fdfefa; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px;"><b> Note: -</b> Luni river draining into the Rann of Kutch, Gulf of Kutch in western Banas (Little Rann), Sabarmati and Mahi draining into the Gulf of Khambhat.</span><br style="background-color: #fdfefa; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px;" /><br style="background-color: #fdfefa; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px;" /><br style="background-color: #fdfefa; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px;" /><div style="background-color: #fdfefa; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Internal migration streams: -</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>Ghagghar River: -</b></span></div>
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<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Originating from the Shivalik hills of Himachal Pradesh.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Hanumangarh flowing enters Haryana.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">When the water when the river was in full spate in Bahawalpur in Pakistan Fort Abbas Abbas (fort) was up.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Its nickname drain, dead / Mrin, Drishdwati / Muse, Chotang (tributary). </span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Hanumangarh ghagghar Paite bottom of the river.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The Harappan civilization developed along the river.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Kalibunga, Rakigdhi, ghagghar were located along the river.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In the Vedas were composed Vadikkal ghagghar River.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Iskon ghagghar in Pakistan - Hakra says.</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>Kantali: -</b></span></div>
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<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Its origin is from the hills of Kndela in Sikar.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Tamrpashankalin riverside town in Sikar ganeshvar dunes are located.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">The river near Jhunjnu Jilmen chirawa expire.</span></li>
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<br /><br /><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>Other internal rivers: -</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>Sabi: -</b> Alwar, drifting in Jaipur, Haryana will become extinct.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>Ruparel: -</b> come from Alwar, Bharatpur and Uttar Pradesh are lost in the flow.</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13627048482019499713noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7050439088134615803.post-41876618014325576062014-10-16T12:04:00.001+05:302014-10-16T12:04:36.922+05:30राजस्थान की जनजातियाँ (Tribes of Rajasthan)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="http://www.anushkaacademy.com/" style="font-size: 20px; font-stretch: normal; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: black;">राजस्थान की जनजातियाँ (Tribes of Rajasthan)</span></a></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span id="dtx-highlighting-item">Ø</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">राजस्थान में सर्वाधिक<span id="dtx-highlighting-item"> जनजाति</span>याँ उदयपुर में निवास करती है., सबसे कम बीकानेर में</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span id="dtx-highlighting-item">Ø</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">जिले की कुल जनसंख्या में प्रतिशत के हिसाब से सर्वाधिक<span id="dtx-highlighting-item"> जनजाति</span>याँ बाँसवाडा जिले में निवास करती है. तथा न्यूनतम नागौर में.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span id="dtx-highlighting-item">Ø</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">सबसे शिक्षित<span id="dtx-highlighting-item"> जनजाति</span><span id="dtx-highlighting-item"> मीणा</span>.</span></div>
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<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Mangal;"><span id="dtx-highlighting-item">मीणा </span>- जयपुर, स.माधोपुर, अलवर, उदयपुर, चित्तौडगढ, डूंगरपुर, कोटा, बूंदी, आदि.</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Mangal;">भील - बाँसवाडा, डूंगरपुर, उदयपुर, सिरोही, चित्तौडगढ, भीलवाड़ा.</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Mangal;">गरासिया - डूंगरपुर, चित्तौडगढ, बाँसवाडा, उदयपुर.</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Mangal;">सांसी - भरतपुर</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Mangal;">सहरिया - कोटा, बारां</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Mangal;">डामोर - डूंगरपुर, बाँसवाडा.</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Mangal;">कंजर - कोटा, बूंदी, झालावाड, भीलवाड़ा, अलवर, उदयपुर, अजमेर.</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Mangal;">कथौडी - बारां</span></li>
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डामोर, कथौडी, कालबेलिया जनजातियाँ</h3>
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<b><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;"> डामोर : -</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">बाँसवाड़ा और डूंगरपुर जिले की सीमलवाडा पंचायत समिति में निवास करती है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">मुखी </span>–<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;"> डामोर जनजाति की पंचायत का मुखिया</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">ये लोग अंधविश्वासी होते है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">ये लोग मांस और शराब के काफी शौक़ीन होते है.</span></div>
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<b> </b><b><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">कथौडी </span></b><b>–</b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">यह जनजाति बारां जिले और दक्षिणी-पश्चिम राजस्थान में निवास करते है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">मुख्य व्यवसाय </span>–<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;"> खेर के वृक्षों<span id="dtx-highlighting-item"> से </span>कत्था तैयार करना.</span></div>
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<b> </b><b><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">कालबेलिया</span></b><b></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">मुख्य व्यवसाय </span>–<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;"> साँप पकडना है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">इस जनजाति के लोग सफेरे होते है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">ये साँप का खेल दिखाकर अपना पेट भरते है.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20.7900009155273px;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20.7900009155273px; padding: 0in;">राजस्थान का कालबेलिया नृत्य यूनेस्को की विरासत सूची में </span><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20.7900009155273px; padding: 0in;">(</span><span lang="HI" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: Mangal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20.7900009155273px;">पारंपरिक छाऊ नृत्य</span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20.7900009155273px;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: Arial;"> </span>)</span><br /><br style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20.7900009155273px;" /><br style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20.7900009155273px;" /><h3 class="post-title entry-title" style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; position: relative;">
साँसी जनजाति</h3>
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<b><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">साँसी </span></b><b>–</b><b><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;"></span></b><b></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">भरतपुर जिले में निवास करती है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Mangal;">यह एक खानाबदोश जीवन व्यतीत करने वाली जनजाति है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">साँसी जनजाति की उत्पति सांसमल नामक व्यक्ति से मानी जाती है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">विवाह </span>–<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;"> युवक-युवतियों के वैवाहिक संबंध उनके माता-पिता द्वारा किये जाते है. विवाह पूर्व यौन संबंध को अत्यन्त गंभीरता से लिया जाता है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">सगाई </span>–<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;"> यह रस्म इनमे अनोखी होती है , जब दो खानाबदोश समूह संयोग से घूमते-घूमते एक स्थान पर मिल जाते है, तो सगाई हो जाती है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">साँसी जनजाति को दो भागों में विभिक्त है </span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;"> <b>बीजा और माला .</b></span><b></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Mangal;">इनमे होली और दिवाली के अवसर पर देवी माता के सम्मुख बकरों की बली दी जाती है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Mangal;">ये लोग वृक्षों की पूजा करते है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Mangal;">मांस और शराब इनका प्रिय भोजन है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Mangal;">मांस में ये लोमड़ी और सांड का मांस पसन्द करते है.</span></div>
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सहरिया जनजाति</h3>
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<b><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">सहरिया </span></b><b>–</b><b><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;"></span></b><b></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">बारां जिले की किशनगंज तथा शाहाबाद तहसीलों में निवास करती है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">सहराना </span>–<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;"> इनकी बस्ती को सहराना कहते है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Mangal;">इनमे वधूमूल्य तथा बहुपत्नी प्रथा का प्रचलन है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Mangal;">ये लोग काली माता की पूजा करते है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Mangal;">ये दुर्गा पूजा विशेष उत्साह के साथ करते है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">कोतवाल </span>–<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;"> मुखिया को कोतवाल कहते है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">ये लोग स्थानांतरित खेती करते है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">ये लो जंगलो से जड़ी-बूटियों को एकत्रत कर विभिन्न प्रकार की दवाएं बनाने में दक्ष होते है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Mangal;">ये राजस्थान की एकमात्र आदिम जनजाति है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">सहरिया जनजाति राज्य की सर्वाधिक पिछड़ी जनजाति होने के कारण भारत सरकार ने राज्य की केवल इसी जनजाति को आदिम जनजाति समूह की सूची में रखा गया है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">सहरिया शब्द की उत्पति </span>‘<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">सहर</span>’<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;"> से हुई है जिसका अर्थ जगह होता है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Mangal;">इस जनजाति के लोग जंगलो से कंदमूल एवं शहद एकत्रित कर अपनी जीविका चलाते है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Mangal;">ये लोग मदिरा पान भी करते है.</span></div>
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गरासिया<span id="dtx-highlighting-item"> जनजाति</span></h3>
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<b><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">गरासिया </span></b><b><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></b><b><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;"></span></b><b></b></div>
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<b><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Wingdings;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">गरासिया<span id="dtx-highlighting-item"> जनजाति </span>अपने को चौहान राजपूतो का वंशज मानती है</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">ये लोग शिव दुर्गा और भैरव की पूजा करते है</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span id="dtx-highlighting-item">Ø</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">सिरोही, गोगुन्दा (उदयपुर), बाली(पाली), जिलो में निवास करती है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span id="dtx-highlighting-item">Ø</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">सोहरी </span>–<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;"> जिन कोठियों में गरासिया अपने अन्नाज का भंडारण करते है. उसे सोहरी कहते है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span id="dtx-highlighting-item">Ø</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">हूरें </span>–<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;"> व्यक्ति की मृत्यु होने पर स्मारक बनाते है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span id="dtx-highlighting-item">Ø</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">सहलोत </span>–<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;"> मुखिया को सहलोत कहते है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span id="dtx-highlighting-item">Ø</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">मोर बंधिया </span>–<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;"> विशेष प्रकार का विवाह जिसमे हिन्दुओ की भांति फेरे लिए जाते है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span id="dtx-highlighting-item">Ø</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">पहराबना विवाह </span>–<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;"> नाममात्र के फेरे लिए जाते है , इस विवाह में ब्राह्मण की आवश्यकता नही पडती है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span id="dtx-highlighting-item">Ø</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">ताणना विवाह </span>–<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;"> इसमें न सगाई के जाती है, न फेरे है . इस विवाह में वर पक्ष वाले कन्या पक्ष वाले को कन्या मूल्य वैवाहिक भेंट के रूप में प्रदान करता है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Mangal;">इनमे सफेद रंग के पशुओं को पवित्र माना जाता है.</span></div>
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कंजर<span id="dtx-highlighting-item"> जनजाति</span></h3>
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<b><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">कंजर </span></b><b><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></b><b><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;"></span></b><b></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>‘<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">कंजर</span>’<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;"> शब्द की उत्पति </span>‘<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">काननचार</span>’<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">/</span>’<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">कनकचार</span>’<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;"> से हुई है जिसका अर्थ है </span>‘<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;"> जंगलो में विचरण करने वाला</span>’<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">झालावाड, बारां, कोटा ओर उदयपुर जिलो में रहती है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">कंजर एक अपराध प्रवृति के लिए कुख्यात है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">पटेल </span>–<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;"> कंजर<span id="dtx-highlighting-item"> जनजाति </span>के मुखिया</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">पाती माँगना </span>–<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">ये अपराध करने से पूर्व इश्वर का आशीर्वाद लेते है.उसको पाती माँगना कहा जाता है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">हाकम राजा का प्याला </span>–<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;"> ये हाकम राजा क प्याला पीकर कभी झूठ नही बोलते है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Mangal;">इन लोगो के घरों में भागने के लिए पीछे की तरफ खिडकी होती है परन्तु दरवाजे पर किवाड़ नही होते है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Mangal;">ये लोग हनुमान और चौथ माता की पूजा करते है.</span></div>
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भील<span id="dtx-highlighting-item"> जनजाति</span></h3>
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<b><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">भील :</span></b><b></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span id="dtx-highlighting-item">Ø</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">कर्नल जेम्स टोड ने भीलों को वनपुत्र कहा था.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span id="dtx-highlighting-item">Ø</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>‘<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">भील</span>’<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;"> शब्द की उत्पति </span>‘<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">बील</span>’<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;"> से हुई है जिसका अर्थ है </span>‘<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;"> कमान; है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span id="dtx-highlighting-item">Ø</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">सबसे प्राचीन<span id="dtx-highlighting-item"> जनजाति</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span id="dtx-highlighting-item">Ø</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">बासवाडा, डूंगरपुर, उदयपुर (सर्वाधिक), चित्तौड़गढ़ जिलो में निवास करती है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span id="dtx-highlighting-item">Ø</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">दूसरी सबसे बड़ी<span id="dtx-highlighting-item"> जनजाति</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span id="dtx-highlighting-item">Ø</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">प्रथाएँ</span></div>
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<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Mangal; text-indent: 0.35in;">इस<span id="dtx-highlighting-item"> जनजाति </span>के बड़े गाँव को पाल तथा छोटे गाँव को फला कहा जाता है.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Mangal; text-indent: 0.35in;">पाल का नेता मुखिया या ग्रामपति कहलाता है.</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span id="dtx-highlighting-item">Ø</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">अटक </span>–<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">किसी एक हि पूर्वज से उत्पन्न गौत्रो को भील<span id="dtx-highlighting-item"> जनजाति </span>में अटक कहते है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span id="dtx-highlighting-item">Ø</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">कू </span>–<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;"> भीलों के घरों को कू कहा जाता है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span id="dtx-highlighting-item">Ø</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">टापरा - भीलों के घरों को टापरा भी कहते है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span id="dtx-highlighting-item">Ø</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">झूमटी(दाजिया) </span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;"> आदिवासियों द्वारा मैदानी भागों को जलाकर जो कृषि की जाती उसे झूमटी कहते है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span id="dtx-highlighting-item">Ø</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">चिमाता </span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;"> भीलों द्वारा पहाड़ी ढालों पर की जाने वाली कृषि को चिमाता कहते है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span id="dtx-highlighting-item">Ø</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">गमेती </span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;"> भीलों के गाँवो के मुखिया को गमेती कहते है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span id="dtx-highlighting-item">Ø</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">भील केसरिनाथ के चढ़ी हुई केसर का पानी पीकर कभी झूट नहीं बोलते है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span id="dtx-highlighting-item">Ø</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">ठेपाडा </span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;"> भील<span id="dtx-highlighting-item"> जनजाति </span>के लोग जो तंग धोती पहनते है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span id="dtx-highlighting-item">Ø</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">पोत्या -> सफेद साफा जो सिर पर पहनते है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span id="dtx-highlighting-item">Ø</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">पिरिया </span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;"> भील जाती में विवाह के अवसर पर दुल्हन जो पीले रंग का जो लहंगा पहनती है. लाल रंग की साड़ी को </span>‘<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">सिंदूरी</span>’<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;"> कहा जाता है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span id="dtx-highlighting-item">Ø</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">भराड़ी </span>–<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;"> वैवाहिक अवसर पर जिस लोक देवी का भित्ति चित्र बनाया जाता है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span id="dtx-highlighting-item">Ø</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">फाइरे-फाइरे </span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;"> भील<span id="dtx-highlighting-item"> जनजाति </span>का रणघोष</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span id="dtx-highlighting-item">Ø</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">टोटम </span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;"> भील<span id="dtx-highlighting-item"> जनजाति </span>के लोग टोटम (कुलदेवता) की पूजा करते है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Mangal;">ये लोग झूम कृषि भी करते है.</span></div>
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मीणा<span id="dtx-highlighting-item"> जनजाति</span></h3>
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<b><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">मीणा </span></b><b>–</b><b><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;"></span></b><b></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span id="dtx-highlighting-item">Ø</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">मीणा का शाब्दिक अर्थ </span>‘<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">मछली</span>’<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;"> है. मीणा </span>‘<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">मीन</span>’<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;"> धातु से बना है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span id="dtx-highlighting-item">Ø</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">सबसे बड़ी<span id="dtx-highlighting-item"> जनजाति</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span id="dtx-highlighting-item">Ø</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">सबसे अधिक मीणा जयपुर(सर्वाधिक), सवाई माधोपुर, उदयपुर, आदि जिलो में निवास करती है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span id="dtx-highlighting-item">Ø</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">मीणा पुराण </span>–<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;"> रचियता </span>–<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">आचार्य मुनि मगन सागर</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span id="dtx-highlighting-item">Ø</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">लोक देवी </span>–<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;"> जीणमाता (रैवासा, सीकर)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span id="dtx-highlighting-item">Ø</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;">नाता प्रथा </span>–<span lang="HI" style="font-family: Mangal;"> इस प्रथा में स्त्री अपने पति, बच्चो को छोड़कर दूसरे पुरष से विवाह कर लेती है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Mangal;">मीणा<span id="dtx-highlighting-item"> जनजाति </span>के मुख्यत<span id="dtx-highlighting-item">: </span>दो वर्ग है - प्रथम वर्ग जमीदारो का है तथा द्वितीय वर्ग चौकीदारो का है .</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Mangal;">मीणा<span id="dtx-highlighting-item"> जनजाति </span>२४ खापो में विभाजित है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Mangal;">मीणा<span id="dtx-highlighting-item"> जनजाति </span>के बहिभाट को 'जागा' कहा जाता है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Mangal;">मीणा<span id="dtx-highlighting-item"> जनजाति </span>में संयुक्त परिवार प्रणाली पाई जाती है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Mangal;">ये लोग मांसाहारी होते है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Mangal;">इनका नेता - पटेल कहलाता है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Mangal;">गाँव का पटेल पंच पटेल कहलाता है.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Mangal;">विवाह - राक्षस विवाह, ब्रह्मा विवाह, गांधर्व विवाह</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Mangal;">ये लोग दुर्गा माता और शिवजी की पूजा करते है.</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13627048482019499713noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7050439088134615803.post-25759980347173406142014-10-16T11:48:00.001+05:302014-10-16T11:48:54.350+05:30महाराणा प्रताप <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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शूरवीर महाराणा प्रताप</div>
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राजपूतों की सर्वोच्चता एवं स्वतंत्रता के प्रति दृणसंक्लपवान वीर शासक एवं महान देशभक्त <span style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">महाराणा प्रताप</span> का नाम इतिहास में स्वर्ण अक्षरों से अंकित है। महाराणा प्रताप अपने युग के महान व्यक्ति थे। उनके गुणों के कारण सभी उनका सम्मान करते थे।ज्येष्ठ शुक्ल तीज सम्वत् (9 मई )1540 को मेवाड़ के राजा उदय सिंह के घर <span style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">जन्मे</span> उनके ज्येष्ठ पुत्र महाराणा प्रताप को बचपन से ही अच्छे संस्कार, अस्त्र-शस्त्रों का ज्ञान और धर्म की रक्षा की प्रेरणा अपने माता-पिता से मिली।</div>
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सादा जीवन और दयालु स्वभाव वाले महाराणा प्रताप की वीरता और स्वाभिमान तथा देशभक्ति की भावना से अकबर भी बहुत प्रभावित हुआ था। जब<span style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> मेवाङ</span> की सत्ता राणा प्रताप ने संभाली, तब आधा मेवाङ मुगलों के अधीन था और शेष मेवाङ पर अपना आधिपत्य स्थापित करने के लिये अकबर प्रयासरत था।राजस्थान के कई परिवार अकबर की शक्ति के आगे घुटने टेक चुके थे, किन्तु महाराणा प्रताप अपने वंश को कायम रखने के लिये संघर्ष करते रहे और अकबर के सामने आत्मसर्मपण नही किये।जंगल-जंगल भटकते हुए तृण-मूल व घास-पात की रोटियों में गुजर-बसर कर पत्नी व बच्चे को विकराल परिस्थितियों में अपने साथ रखते हुए भी उन्होंने कभी धैर्य नहीं खोया। पैसे के अभाव में सेना के टूटते हुए मनोबल को पुनर्जीवित करने के लिए दानवीर भामाशाह ने अपना पूरा खजाना समर्पित कर दिया। तो भी, महाराणा प्रताप ने कहा कि सैन्य आवश्यकताओं के अलावा मुझे आपके खजाने की एक पाई भी नहीं चाहिए। अकबर के अनुसारः- महाराणा प्रताप के पास साधन सीमित थे, किन्तु फिर भी वो झुका नही, डरा नही।</div>
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महाराणा प्रताप का <span style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">हल्दीघाटी</span> के युद्ध के बाद का समय पहाङों और जंगलों में व्यतीत हुआ। अपनी पर्वतीय युद्ध नीति के द्वारा उन्होंने अकबर को कई बार मात दी। यद्यपि जंगलो और पहाङों में रहते हुए महाराणा प्रताप को अनेक प्रकार के कष्टों का सामना करना पङा, किन्तु उन्होने अपने आदर्शों को नही छोङा। महाराणा प्रताप के मजबूत इरादो ने अकबर के सेनानायकों के सभी प्रयासों को नाकाम बना दिया। उनके धैर्य और साहस का ही असर था कि 30 वर्ष के लगातार प्रयास के बावजूद अकबर महाराणा प्रताप को बन्दी न बना सका। महाराणा प्रताप का सबसे प्रिय घोड़ा ‘<span style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">चेतक</span>‘ था जिसने अंतिम सांस तक अपने स्वामी का साथ दिया था।</div>
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हल्दीघाटी के युद्ध में उन्हें भले ही पराजय का सामना करना पङा किन्तु हल्दीघाटी के बाद अपनी शक्ति को संगठित करके, शत्रु को पुनः चुनौती देना प्रताप की युद्ध नीति का एक अंग था। महाराणा प्रताप ने भीलों की शक्ति को पहचान कर उनके अचानक धावा बोलने की कारवाई को समझा और उनकी छापामार युद्ध पद्धति से अनेक बार मुगल सेना को कठिनाइयों में डाला था। महाराणा प्रताप ने अपनी स्वतंत्रता का संर्घष जीवनपर्यन्त जारी रखा था। अपने शौर्य, उदारता तथा अच्छे गुणों से जनसमुदाय में प्रिय थे। महाराणा प्रताप सच्चे क्षत्रिय योद्धा थे, उन्होने अमरसिंह द्वारा पकङी गई बेगमों को सम्मान पूर्वक वापस भिजवाकर अपनी विशाल ह्रदय का परिचय दिया।</div>
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महाराणा प्रताप को स्थापत्य, कला, भाषा और साहित्य से भी लगाव था। वे स्वयं विद्वान तथा कवि थे। उनके शासनकाल में अनेक विद्वानो एवं साहित्यकारों को आश्रय प्राप्त था। अपने शासनकाल में उन्होने युद्ध में उजङे गाँवों को पुनः व्यवस्थित किया। नवीन राजधानी चावण्ड को अधिक आकर्षक बनाने का श्रेय महाराणा प्रताप को जाता है। राजधानी के भवनों पर कुम्भाकालीन स्थापत्य की अमिट छाप देखने को मिलती है। पद्मिनी चरित्र की रचना तथा दुरसा आढा की कविताएं महाराणा प्रताप के युग को आज भी अमर बनाये हुए हैं।</div>
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महाराणा प्रताप में अच्छे सेनानायक के गुंणो के साथ-साथ अच्छे व्वस्थापक की विशेषताएँ भी थी। अपने सीमित साधनों से ही अकबर जैसी शक्ति से दीर्घ काल तक टक्कर लेने वाले वीर महाराणा प्रताप की मृत्यु पर<span style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">अकबर</span> भी दुःखी हुआ था। अकबर की उच्च महत्वाकांक्षा, शासन निपुणता और असीम साधन जैसी भावनाएं भी महाराणा प्रताप की अदम्य वीरता, दृणसाहस और उज्वल कीर्ति को परास्त न कर सकी। आखिरकार शिकार के दौरान लगी चोटों की वजह से महारणा प्रताप की <span style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">मृत्यु 19</span> जनवरी 1597 को चावंड में हुई |</div>
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आज भी महाराणा प्रताप का नाम असंख्य भारतीयों के लिये प्रेरणा स्रोत है। राणा प्रताप का स्वाभिमान भारत माता की पूंजी है। वह अजर अमरता के गौरव तथा मानवता के विजय सूर्य है। राणा प्रताप की देशभक्ति, पत्थर की अमिट लकीर है। ऐसे पराक्रमी भारत मां के वीर सपूत महाराणा प्रताप को राष्ट्र का शत्-शत् नमन।</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13627048482019499713noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7050439088134615803.post-35445370569564839922014-10-16T11:13:00.002+05:302014-10-16T11:13:38.335+05:30राजस्थान – भौगोलिक और आर्थिक परिप्रेक्ष्य<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5;">राजस्थान – भौगोलिक और आर्थिक परिप्रेक्ष्य</span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><br /><br />राजस्थान की चोहरी इसे एक पतंगाकार आकृति प्रदान करता है। राज्य २३ ० से ३० ० अक्षांश और ६९ ० से ७८ ० देशान्तर के बीच स्थित है। इसके उत्तर में पाकिस्तान, पंजाब और हरियाणा, दक्षिण में मध्यप्रदेश और गुजरात, पूर्व में उत्तर प्रदेश और मध्यप्रदेश एवं पश्चिम में पाकिस्तान है।<br />सिरोही से अलवर की ओर जाती हुई ४८० कि.मी. लम्बी अरावली पर्वत श्रृंखला प्राकृतिक दृष्टि से राज्य को दो भागों में विभाजित करती है। राजस्थान का पूर्वी सम्भाग शुरु से ही उपजाऊ रहा है। इस भाग में वर्षा का औसत ५० से.मी. से ९० से.मी. तक है। राजस्थान के निर्माण के पश्चात् चम्बल और माही नदी पर बड़े-बड़े बांध और विद्युत गृह बने हैं, जिनसे राजस्थान को सिंचाई और बिजली की सुविधाएं उपलब्ध हुई है। अन्य नदियों पर भी मध्यम श्रेणी के बांध बने हैं। जिनसे हजारों हैक्टर सिंचाई होती है। इस भाग में ताम्बा, जस्ता, अभ्रक, पन्ना, घीया पत्थर और अन्य खनिज पदार्थों के विशाल भण्डार पाये जाते हैं।<br />राज्य का पश्चिमी संभाग देश के सबसे बड़े रेगिस्तान “थारपाकर’ का भाग है। इस भाग में वर्षा का औसत १२ से.मी. से ३० से.मी. तक है। इस भाग में लूनी, बांड़ी आदि नदियां हैं, जो वर्षा के कुछ दिनों को छोड़कर प्राय: सूखी रहती हैं। देश की स्वतंत्रता से पूर्व बीकानेर राज्य गंगानहर द्वारा पंजाब की नदियों से पानी प्राप्त करता था। स्वतंत्रता के बाद राजस्थान इण्डस बेसिन से रावी और व्यास नदियों से ५२.६ प्रतिशत पानी का भागीदार बन गया। उक्त नदियों का पानी राजस्थान में लाने के लिए सन् १९५८ में राजस्थान नहर (अब इंदिरा गांधी नहर) की विशाल परियोजना शुरु की गई। यह परियोजना सन् २००५ तक सम्पूर्ण होगी। इस परियोजना पर ३००० करोड़ रु. व्यय होने का अनुमान है। इस समय इस पर १६०० करोड़ रु. व्यय हो चुके हैं। अब तक ६४९ कि.मी. लम्बी मुख्य नहर पूरी हो चुकी है। नहर की वितरिका प्रणाली लगभग ९००० कि.मी. होगी, इनमें से ६००० कि.मी. वितरिकाएं बन चुकी है। इस समय १० लाख हैक्टेयर भूमि परियोजना के सिंचाई क्षेत्र में आ गई है। परियोजना के पूरी होने के बाद क्षेत्र की कुल १५.७९ लाख हैक्टेयर भूमि सिंचाई से लाभान्वित होगी, जिससे ३५ लाख टन खाद्यान्न, ३ लाख टन वाणिज्यिक फसलें एवं ६० लाख टन घास उत्पन्न होगी। परियोजना क्षेत्र में कुल ५ लाख परिवार बसेंगे। जोधपुर, बीकानेर, चुरु एवं बाड़मेर जिलों के नगर और कई गांवों को नहर से विभिन्न “लिफ्ट परियोजनाओं’ से पहुंचाये गये पीने का पानी उपलब्ध होगा। इस प्रकार राजस्थान के रेगिस्तान का एक बड़ा भाग शस्य श्यामला भूमि में बदल जायेगा। सूरतगढ़ में यह नजारा इस समय भी देखा जा सकता है।<br />इण्डस बेसिन की नदियों पर बनाई जाने वाली जल-विद्युत योजनाओं में भी राजस्थान भागीदार है। इसे इस समय भाखरा-नांगल और अन्य योजनाओं के कृषि एवं औद्योगिक विकास में भरपूर सहायता मिलती है। राजस्थान नहर परियोजना के अलावा इस भाग में जवाई नदी पर निर्मित एक बांध है, जिससे न केवल विस्तृत क्षेत्र में सिंचाई होती है, वरन् जोधपुर नगर को पेय जल भी प्राप्त होता है। यह सम्भाग अभी तक औद्योगिक दृष्टि से पिछड़ा हुआ है। पर इस क्षेत्र में ज्यो-ज्यों बिजली और पानी की सुविधाएं बढ़ती जायेंगी औद्योगिक विकास भी गति पकड़ लेगा। इस बाग में लिग्नाइट, फुलर्सअर्थ, टंगस्टन, बैण्टोनाइट, जिप्सम, संगमरमर आदि खनिज पदार्थ प्रचुर मात्रा में पाये जाते हैं। जैसलमेर क्षेत्र में तेल मिलने की अच्छी सम्भावनाएं हैं। हाल ही की खुदाई से पता चला है कि इस क्षेत्र में उच्च कि की गैस प्रचुर मात्रा में उपलब्ध है। अब वह दिन दूर नहीं है जबकि राजस्थान का यह भाग भी समृद्धिशाली बन जाएगा।<br />राज्य का क्षेत्रफल ३.४२ लाख वर्ग कि.मी. है जो भारत के क्षेत्रफल का १०.४० प्रतिशत है। यह भारत का सबसे बड़ा राज्य है। वर्ष १९९६-९७ में राज्य में गांवों की संख्या ३७८८९ और नगरों तथा कस्बों की संख्या २२२ थी। राज्य में ३२ जिला परिषदें, २३५ पंचायत समितियां और ९१२५ ग्राम पंचायतें हैं। नगर निगम २ और सभी श्रेणी की नगरपालिकाएं १८० हैं।<br />सन् १९९१ की जनगणना के अनुसार राज्य की जनसंख्या ४.३९ करोड़ थी। जनसंखाय घनत्व प्रति वर्ग कि.मी. १२६ है। इसमें पुरुषों की संख्या २.३० करोड़ और महिलाओं की संख्या २.०९ करोड़ थी। राज्य में दशक वृद्धि दर २८.४४ प्रतिशत थी, जबकि भारत में यह दर २३.५६ प्रतिशत थी। राज्य में साक्षरता ३८.८१ प्रतिशत थी. जबकि भारत की साक्षरता तो केवल २०.८ प्रतिशत थी जो देश के अन्य राज्यों में सबसे कम थी। राज्य में अनुसूचित जाति एवं अनुसूचित जनजाति राज्य की कुल जनसंख्या का क्रमश: १७.२९ प्रतिशत और १२.४४ प्रतिशत है।<br />१९९६-९७ के अन्त में प्राथमिक विद्यालय ३३८९, उच्च प्राथमिक विद्यालय १२,६९२, माध्यमिक विद्यालय ३५०१ और वरिष्ठ माध्यमिक विद्यालय १४०४ थे। उच्च शिक्षा के क्षेत्र में विश्वविद्यालय ६, “डीम्ड’ विश्वविद्यालय ४, कला वाणिज्य और विज्ञान महाविद्यालय २३१, इंजीनियकिंरग कॉलेज ७, मेडिकल कॉलेज ६, आयुर्वेद महाविद्यालय ५ और पोलीटेक्निक २४ हैं। राज्य में हॉस्पिटल २९, डिस्पेंसरियां २७८, प्राथमिक स्वास्थ्य केन्द्र १६१६, सामुदायिक स्वास्थ्य केन्द्र २६१, शहरी सहायता केन्द्र १३, उपकेन्द्र ९४००, मातृ एवं शिशु कल्याण केन्द्र ११८ एवं अन्तरोगी शैय्या में ३६७०२ हैं। आयुर्वेद औषधालयो की संख्या ३५७१ और होम्योपैथी चिकित्सालयों की संख्या १४६८ और भ्रमणशील पशु चिकित्सालयों की संख्या ५३ है।<br />राज्य में पशुधन की संख्या ६ करोड़ से अधिक है। राज्य के सभी नगर एवं ३७,२७४ गांव सुरक्षित पेय जल योजना के अन्तर्गत आ चुके हैं। राज्य में सड़कों की कुल लम्बाई १,३८,००० कि.मी. थी और वाहनों की संख्या १९.८ लाख थी। इनमें कारों और जीपों की संख्या १,६० लाख थी।<br />१९९६-९७ में राज्य का सकल घरेलू उत्पाद स्थिर कीमतों पर लगभग १२४२० करोड़ रु. और सुद्ध घरेलू उत्पाद ११,०२१ करोड़ रु का था। राज्य में प्रति व्यक्ति आय २,२३२ रु. थी। उक्त वर्ष राज्य में खाद्यान्न उत्पाद १२७०२ लाख टन था और तिलहन तथा कपास का उत्पादन क्रमश: ४० लाख टन और १२.९५ लाख गांठें थी। राज्य में फसलों के अन्तर्गत कुल १७५ लाख हैक्टेयर क्षेत्र था। इसका २९ प्रतिशत सिंचित क्षेत्र था।<br />राज्य में १९९६ में शक्कर का उत्पादन ३१ हजार टन, वनस्पति घी का ३० हजार टन, नमक का ११ लाख टन, सीमेन्ट का ६६ लाख टन, सूती कपडे का ४५७ लाख मीटर और पोलिएस्टर धागे का उत्पादन ११५०० टन हुआ। प्रदेश में १९९६ में सार्वजनिक क्षेत्र में १०.१० लाख और निजी क्षेत्र में २.५६ लाख व्यक्ति कार्यरत थे। राज्य में बैंकों की कुल शाखाएं ३२१७ थीं, जिनमें क्षेत्रीय ग्रामीण बैंकों की १०७० शाखाएं शामिल हैं।</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13627048482019499713noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7050439088134615803.post-26570537751309988022014-10-16T08:56:00.001+05:302014-10-16T10:32:35.162+05:30Happy Diwali 2014<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Diwali 2014: Festival Of Lights Demystified</h1>
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<i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Diwali in 2014 is on October 23. The festival of lights Deepavali lights up the lives with happiness, prosperity, and peace. Diwali enlighten ourselves from within and its grand celebrations last for 5 days. Read on to know more about the facts of Deepavali by reading this article at Anushka Academy.</b></i></div>
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Diwali or Deepavali in 2014 is one of the biggest and most famous festival of Hindus. According to the Hindu Calendar, Deepavali is celebrated on the New Moon day or Amavasya of the month Kartik i.e. during the month of October-November.</div>
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Deepawali or Diwali refers to a row of lights. Deepavali in 2014 brings positivity and joy. It provides the real peace and happiness. The light of earthen lamps marks the glow of success and bliss of one’s life, it burns all the bad times and marks the new beginning of good times. People from different communities celebrate the festival with full enthusiasm and joy. There are different reasons for different communities for celebrating Diwali. Now, let’s see how people would celebrate Diwali or Deepawali in 2014 along with the significance of the Diwali festival.</div>
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Significance Of Deepawali Or Diwali In 2014</h2>
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Diwali is a five days long festival and each day has its own significance. It starts with the festival of Dhanteras and ends on Bhai Dooj. Victory of good over evil, light over darkness is celebrated on Deepavali.</div>
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Deepawali eliminates the darkness of our ignorance and fills our lives with new light that shows us the right path of life. Diwali marks the end of summer season and beginning of new winter season.</div>
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Deepavali spreads the message of love and togetherness. Diwali in 2014 will come again with the same valuable message.</div>
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<span style="color: maroon; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;">People meet their friends and relatives and wish them Happy Diwail. Along with this, people exchange Diwali gifts as their best wishes. We can see that though there is a lot of time in Deepawali, still lots of gifts, sweets, lights, and fireworks are available in the market much before the festival of Deepavali in 2014. The whole atmosphere fills with positivity and festivity of the festival. This improves the feeling of warmth and closeness among people.</span><br />
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According to the ancient stories, every year, the great reason behind the celebrations of Deepawali is the legend of Lord Rama returning back to his kingdom, Ayodhya after defeating demon Ravana. Therefore, the festival of Diwali represents the victory of good over evil. Deepavali will spread the same message again in the year 2014.</div>
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Deepawali in 2014 will become an important time for the beginning of new financial year, as every Deepavali does. So, the businessmen of North India can again start their new financial year this Diwali in 2014. They worship Maa Laxmi and Lord Ganesha on Diwali or Deepavali, who are considered as the lord of wealth and wisdom.</div>
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Diwali in 2014 will again be an important festival for the Jains and Sikhs as well. Different stories and legends describe the significance of Diwali in 2014 for different communities.</div>
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Diwali or Deepavali/Deepawali in 2014 is also an important day for shopping as well. Throughout the year, people wait for Diwali shopping. Different schemes are introduced in the market on jewelry, electrical appliances, utensils and on automobiles that attract more and more customers on this special occasion of Deepavali in 2014. People shop for utensils, jewelry, or other precious stones and honor them as the gift of Goddess Lakshmi. People light Diyas (earthen lamps) in their houses for welcoming Goddess Laxmi.</div>
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5 Festive Days Of Deepavali In 2014</h2>
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The festivities of this grand festival last for five days. People enjoy these holidays with their loved ones with lots of fun and enjoyment. The whole atmosphere fills with energy and spirit of the festival. Let’s talk about the significance and celebrations of these days of Deepavali in 2014.</div>
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Dhanteras 2014: First Day Of Diwali Celebrations</h2>
<img align="left" alt="Festival of Dhanteras in 2014 bring us wealth and money." class="ui-img" src="http://www.mykundali.com/festival/images/diwali2014-3.jpg" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border: none; box-shadow: rgb(102, 102, 102) 0px 0px 3px; color: maroon; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px 15px 10px 10px; padding: 10px; text-align: justify;" /><br />
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Dhanteras Puja date is October 21, 2014. Trayodashi tithi begins on October 20, 2014 and ends on October 23, 2014.</div>
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Dhanteras is celebrated on the first day of Diwali or Deepavali. Dhanteras is made from the words Dhan and Teras, here Dhan refers to money or wealth and Teras refers to thirteenth; i.e. according to the <a href="http://www.mykundali.com/2014/hinducalendar2014.asp" style="color: red; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Hindu Calendar</a> it is celebrated on the 13th day of the month Ashwin during the Krishna Paksha.</div>
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Goddess of wealth Maa Laxmi/Lakshmi is worshiped on Dhanteras. In the year 2014 also, Maa Laxmi will be worshiped by the devotees on Dhanteras. People worship Maa Laxmi and invite her to their houses by lighting Diyas or mud lamps and creating beautiful designs or Rangolis in the entrance of their houses or workplaces on the day of Dhanteras. They worship Goddess Lakshmi and pray for increase in wealth and prosperity. People will worship Lord Ganesha and Maa Lakshmi for increasing wealth and prosperity in their houses on Dhanteras in 2014.</div>
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People decorate their workplace and worship Goddess Laxmi for increase in business. They shop for gold, silver, other precious metals or stones and utensils on this day, which is a mark of wealth and gift of Goddess Laxmi/Lakshmi in 2014. People will celebrate Dhanteras in 2014 by following these rituals.</div>
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<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Legends Of Dhanteras</strong></div>
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Let’s talk about the legend of Dhanteras or the first day of Deepavali, for celebrating it with more joy in 2014:</div>
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<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Legend Of King Hima</strong></div>
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The horoscope of 16 year old son of King Hima predicted that he will die because of snake’s bite, on the fourth day of his wedding. His wife was very clever, she did not allow him to sleep the whole night. She took out all her ornaments of gold and silver and accumulated them in a form of heap. These ornaments lighted up the room, she also lit lamps throughout the room that prevented her husband from falling asleep. She started singing, dancing, and telling stories to his husband. When Yamaraj came, he sat there on the heap of ornaments and started waiting for the King’s son to sleep. King’s son didn’t fall asleep the whole night and Yamaraj quietly went away the next morning. That’s how the intelligent newly wedded wife of King Hima’s son saved her husband’s life. This marks an important legend of Dhanteras.</div>
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<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Legend Of Dhanvantari</strong></div>
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During the churning of ocean by gods and demons (Samudra Manthan), Dhanvantari (physician of gods) came out on the day of Dhanteras. She came out with a magical solution of healing. Dhanteras is also celebrated on this context and Dhanteras is also named after the Lord Dhanvantari.</div>
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Naraka Chaturdashi 2014: The Diwali Junior</h2>
<img align="left" alt="Naraka Chaturdashi is celebrated for the victory of Lord Krishna over the demon Narakasura." class="ui-img" src="http://www.mykundali.com/festival/images/diwali2014-4.jpg" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border: none; box-shadow: rgb(102, 102, 102) 0px 0px 3px; color: maroon; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px 15px 10px 10px; padding: 10px; text-align: justify;" /><br />
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Narak Chaturdashi 2014 date is October 22. It is also known as Chhoti Diwali.</div>
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Chaturdashi Tithi begins on October 22 and ends on October 23, 2014.</div>
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Naraka Chaturdashi or Kali Chaudas is celebrated on the second day of Diwali. Kali Chaudas is made from Kali and Chaudas. Here, Kali refers to Goddess Maa Kali and Chaudas refers to the fourteenth day of dark half of the month Kartik. This day is dedicated to Maa Mahakali or Kali.</div>
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People worship Maa Mahakali or Kali and pray to fade away all the evil powers from their lives.</div>
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Maa Mahakali blesses her devotees with a life free from evil things like anger, ignorance, and laziness. Some people also worship Lord Hanuman and offer him things like jaggery, Ghee (purified butter), and sugar on the day of Narak Chaturdashi or Chhoti Diwali.</div>
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There is also a tradition of washing and cleaning of houses on Narak Chaturdashi. It refers to getting rid of all the unwanted or waste things around in our environment for a fresh start. Along with the cleaning of every corner of our house, we should also clean every corner of our heart to give ourselves a fresh start on Narak Chaturdashi.</div>
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People should also clean their houses and their thoughts on the day of Naraka Chaturdashi in 2014 and feel the festivity and purity of the festival of lights, Diwali in 2014.</div>
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This day comes a day before Diwali, thus also known as Chhoti Diwali. On this day of Chhoti Diwali, people do preparations for further celebrations of Diwali, by lighting up lamps and by making beautiful Rangoli designs. Diwali in 2014 will also be welcomed by people by doing some special preparations.</div>
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<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Legend Of Narak Chaturdashi</strong></div>
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Let’s now talk about the legend of Naraka Chaturdashi or Chhoti Diwali, before celebrating it in 2014.</div>
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Once there was a very wicked demon named Narakasura who wanted to be worshiped in the place of God. Lord Krishna destroyed demon Narakasura on the day of Narak Chaturdashi. The name Naraka Chaturdashi is also inspired by the demon Narakasura.</div>
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Festival Of Lights: Diwali 2014</h2>
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The third day of Diwali celebrations is celebrated as the grand festival of Deepavali. This day is full of happiness and positivity. People celebrate Diwali with full zeal and enthusiasm; they wear new clothes, burn Patakhas and Phooljhadis (fireworks), and prepare good food for adding on to the festivities of Deepawali.</div>
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It is a festival of lights. People light up Diyas and candles for spreading light all around. This light is the mark of happiness and positivity. The original purpose of Diwali or Deepavali, the festival of lights, is to fill our lives with the divine light of spiritualism and positivity, or with the light of its real source that is the Almighty. This light fades away the darkness of ignorance and evil things from our lives.</div>
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<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Legends Of Diwali</strong></div>
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Legends of different religions or different spiritual significances are connected to Diwali. These legends give us the actual reason for celebrating Deepavali. Different communities have different reasons for celebrating Diwali.</div>
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<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Legend Of Lord Rama</strong></div>
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People of North India and most of the Hindus follow the legend of Lord Rama for celebrating Diwali. Diwali is the day when Lord Rama came back to Ayodhya after completing his 14 years long expulsion and after successfully rescuing Mata Sita by destroying the demon, Ravana. People of Ayodhya were very happy by the return of their kind prince, Lord Rama. They lighted up the whole Ayodhya with lamps and candles, they decorated their homes with flowers and lights, and also prepared great food for Lord Rama. They declared Lord Rama as the new prince of Ayodhya. Till then, the day is celebrated as Diwali or Deepawali, which means the ray of light, hope, and a new beginning.</div>
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<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Legend Of Goddess Laxmi/Lakshmi</strong></div>
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Goddess Laxmi/Lakshmi was incarnated on earth on the day of Diwali. During the churning of ocean by demons and gods, Goddess Laxmi was incarnated as the goddess of money and wealth on earth on this special day of Diwali. Therefore, this day is considered important for worshiping Goddess Laxmi. It is believed that she roam around the globe on the day of Diwali, and resides in the houses of her devotees who welcome her with full faith and devotion. People keep the doors and windows open to let Goddess Laxmi enter.</div>
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<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Legend Of Lord Vishnu & Goddess Laxmi</strong></div>
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Lord Vishnu and Goddess Laxmi were got married on this special day of Diwali. When Goddess Laxmi came out from the churning of ocean (Samudra Manthan), on that very day Lord Vishnu and Goddess Laxmi got married. Thousands of lamps and lights were lighted for celebrating Lord Vishnu and Goddess Lakshmi’s wedding. This marks the celebrations of the festival of lights Diwali or Deepavali.</div>
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According to another story, Vishnu in his fifth incarnation called Vamana Avatara saved Goddess Lakshmi from the clutches of King Bali on this precious day of Diwali. This is again an important reason for worshiping Goddess Laxmi on Diwali.</div>
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<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Legend Of Mahabharta</strong></div>
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According to a great Hindu epic Mahabharata, this was the day when Pandava brothers returned back to their birthplace Hastinapura after completing a long exile of 13 years. This expulsion was the result of their defeat in the game of dice or gambling by their cousin brothers, Kauravas. The Kauravas were cruel and vicious, whereas Pandavas were gentle and kind. The people of Hastinapura were very happy because of Pandavas’ return; they lighted up the whole place with lights and lamps for welcoming Pandavas.</div>
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<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Legend Of Swami Dayanand</strong></div>
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On this important day of Diwali, Swami Dayanand Saraswati attained enlightenment or Nirvana and became Maharishi Swami Dayanand or the great sage Swami Dayanand. He founded Arya Samaj in the year 1875. Arya Samaj has given a new direction to spiritualism. Arya Samaj is a group or society of people who rely on Vedas for their spiritual enlightenment by discarding worshiping of any physical object as god. Enlightenment of Swami Dayanand is also an important reason for celebrating Diwali or Deepawali.</div>
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<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Legend Of Vardhamana Mahavira</strong></div>
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The main reason for Jains to celebrate Diwali is the attainment of enlightenment by Vardhamana Mahavira. He was the founder of modern Jain society. Jains celebrate and remember this day as an important occasion of attainment of enlightenment by Mahavira Vardhamana.</div>
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<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Legend For Sikhs</strong></div>
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On this special day of Diwali, the sixth Guru of Sikhs, Guru Hargobind Ji was freed from the clutches of Mughal Emperor Jahangir along with 52 other Hindu Kings. Also, the first stone of the foundation of Golden Temple at Amritsar was laid down in 1577 on the day of Diwali.</div>
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The coinciding of so many auspicious incidences on the same day shows us the greatness of the auspicious day of Diwali or Deepavali in 2014.</div>
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Govardhan Puja 2014: Fourth Day Of Diwali Celebrations</h2>
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It is the day after the grand festival of Diwali, or the fourth day is celebrated as Govardhan Puja. Govardhan Puja is celebrated for honoring Lord Krishna by remembering the incident of uplifting the Govardhan hill by Lord Krishna.</div>
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People build a replica of Govardhan hill, cows and bulls and also their family members by using cow dung, they worship them and pray Lord Krishna for saving them from any difficulties of life. They pray Lord Krishna for a safe and smooth life.</div>
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<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Legend Of Govardhan Puja</strong></div>
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Govardhan is a sacred mountain in Vraj. It is believed that Govardhan is an incarnation of Lord Krishna who was manifested in the form of a mountain. Lord Krishna had made the people of Vraj to worship the sacred hill of Govardhan.</div>
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Once Indra Dev became arrogant and started showing off his powers. He started showering heavy rains and storms on earth, that became a trouble for mankind. Then, Lord Krishna raised Govardhan mountain on his little finger for saving the lives of people. He did that to provide shelter to the people of Vraja below that mountain, as a great umbrella. All the people and animals of Vraj went under the shelter of mountain and protected themselves from heavy rainfall and storms.</div>
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Bhai Dooj 2014: Fifth And Last Day Of Diwali Celebrations</h2>
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Bhai Dooj is celebrated on the fifth or last day of Diwali festival. The festival is called with different names at different places such as Bhai Phota in Bengal, Bhai Bij, Bhau-beej or Bhav Bij in Gujarat, Maharashtra and Karnataka.</div>
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Bhai Dooj signifies the last day of the grand festival Diwali. It is a festival similar to Raksha Bandhan, which celebrates the pure love and sacred bond of brother and sister. Sisters apply Tika on the forehead of their brothers and pray for their well being and success. This ceremony takes place in the presence of all family members. All family members come together and celebrate the festival with full fun and joy.</div>
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<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Legend Of Bhai Dooj</strong></div>
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Long ago, the holy river Yamuna was very upset because her brother Yama (lord of death) had not visited to her since very long. She told river Ganga about this. River Ganga reminded her brother Yama about his sister. Then, Lord Yama visited to his sister Yamuna on this particular day of Bhai Dooj. She welcomed him with lots of love, wishes and gifts. Lord Yama became very happy and declared that anyone who visit to his sister on this special day of Bhai Dooj, he will be blessed with a long and happy life, and will get Moksha (salvation).</div>
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Diwali 2014: Dishes Of The Day</h2>
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Food is always a very important part of every Indian festival. Diwali is such a grand festival that some really exotic dishes are prepared for celebrating this special festival. So, on Deepavali in 2014, you can also prepare the dishes and increase the enjoyment of the festival of lights. Some of the dishes are listed below. However, it is said that non-vegetarian food is prohibited and traditional Indian vegetarian dishes are prepared. Hence, only the vegetarian and the best of sweet dishes will be prepared for celebrating Diwali in 2014.</div>
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Prepare these traditional exotic dishes at your home or bring them from the market to celebrate the festival of Diwali or Deepavali in 2014.</div>
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This was the description of five days of Diwali or Deepawali in 2014. The celebrations of these five festivals make a grand festival Diwali or Deepavali. Celebrate Diwali in 2014 with full fun, joy, happiness and lots of good food.</div>
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Diwali in 2014 comes with its grand celebrations, happiness and joy, and with a valuable message of triumph of good over evil. We should make our life like the Diyas or lights of Diwali or Deepavali that spread light and positivity in the lives of others. Light up these Diyas in your surroundings and within yourselves to enlighten from within.</div>
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<em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">‘Anushka Academy Group wishes you all a Happy Diwali 2014’</em></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13627048482019499713noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7050439088134615803.post-84959858750750720222014-10-16T08:28:00.001+05:302014-10-16T08:28:51.812+05:30Rajasthan Culture <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="http://rajasthangks.blogspot.in/2014/08/timaniya-or-aad-jewellery.html" style="color: #6666cc; text-decoration: none;">Timaniya or Aad Jewellery</a></h3>
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<b>Timaniya </b>is one of famous Rajasthani Jewellery in Rajasthan famous among women in Rural and royal families of Rajasthan. Women wear Timaniya jewellery in their Neck. In typical rajasthani language Timaniya is also known as "Aad" or आड़ .<br /><div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Here is Picture of Timaniya or Aad Jewellery in Rajasthan</b>.</div>
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<img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXQHYsV0xxitDBXrbxBabRVROE5qAru9g_JCfruBCWLdDf7AJNzUImwcuhw0gi7WNLUEeqWc75AA_0t49NhwqUcJ5QLddfey5-r9pTzyufdHusBi45LLuAiM4vXvilfrV5IEJtCyaKfR4/s1600/Timaniya_Aad_Rajasthan_jewellary.jpg" width="400" /></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="more" style="color: #6666cc; text-decoration: none;"></a>The ancient Timaniya is Costly and Heavy in weight so now days new format of Diamond Timaniya are popular in India. Here is picture of <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD1" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-size: 15px !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;">New form</span> of Timaniya popular:<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
<img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnRZTx1yPBSx8teYhv78z5mvvdeCo2jgCbRJDs5aN4XbXhC_0MljBmr7apiKrwmpPsuWF6rT1qC3cFNuU4qgU3xcsr2asSQyG81KqUy0dC8VJ9jYAJAGjbmtqwNU2pCILjTtVqfF8qfS4/s1600/Timaniya_Rajasthan_jewellary.jpg" width="400" /></div>
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<a href="http://rajasthangks.blogspot.in/2014/05/bishnoi-community-in-rajasthan-and-29.html" style="color: #6666cc; text-decoration: none;">Bishnoi Community in Rajasthan and 29 Rules</a></h3>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB9JTRxFF2QVlcNvCeMEYQh1_tl2RzHHoAeUcWQTw_-uwBDQPbyueHWeckbkvm5SECq4OIv2orruZJRRSCO8ElsljlqiWoIzZc4nvqJvBgBSZZHCwuJIIo691YHBl3yV8k35LR5CWMYGk/s1600/jambhoji.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; color: #6666cc; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><br /><img border="0" height="145" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB9JTRxFF2QVlcNvCeMEYQh1_tl2RzHHoAeUcWQTw_-uwBDQPbyueHWeckbkvm5SECq4OIv2orruZJRRSCO8ElsljlqiWoIzZc4nvqJvBgBSZZHCwuJIIo691YHBl3yV8k35LR5CWMYGk/s1600/jambhoji.jpg" style="border: none; position: relative;" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><b>Bishnoi Community in Rajasthan and 29 Rules</b>:</span><span class="fbPhotoCaptionText"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">बिश्नोई एक हिन्दू धर्म का पंथ है |बिश्नोई दो शब्दों से मिलकर बना हुआ है - बीस +नो यानि जो उनतीस नियमो का पालन करता है | गुरु जम्भेश्वर भगवान् को बिश्नोई पंथ का संस्थापक माना जाता है</span> | </span><br /><span class="fbPhotoCaptionText"><b>बिश्नोई पंथ के 29 नियम निम्न है</b>:<br /><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;">1. तिस दिन सूतक<br />2.पञ्च दिन का रज्सवला<br />3.सुबह स्नान करना<br />4.शील,संतोष ,सूचि रखना<br />5.प्राते:,शाम संध्या करना<br />6.साँझ आरती विष्णु गुण गाना<br />7.प्राते:कल हवन करना<br />8.पानी छान कर पीना व वाणी शुद बोलना<br />9.इंधन बीनकर व दूध छानकर पीना<br />10.क्षमा सहनशीलता रखे<br />11.दया-नम्र भाव से रहे<br />12.चोरी नहीं करनी<br />13.निंदा नहीं करनी<br />14.झूठ नहीं बोलना<br />15.वाद विवाद नहीं करना<br />16.अमावस्या का व्रत रखना<br />17.भजन विष्णु का करना<br />18.प्राणी मात्र पर दया रखना<br />19.हरे वृक्ष नहीं काटना </span></span><br /><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="more" style="color: #6666cc; text-decoration: none;"></a><span style="font-size: x-small;">20.अजर को जरना<br />21.अपने हाथ से रसोई पकाना<br />22.थाट अमर रखना<br />23.बैल को बंधिया न करना<br />24.अमल नहीं खाना<br />25.तम्बाको नहीं खाना व पीना<br />26.भांग नहीं पीना<br />27.मदपान नहीं करना<br />28.मांस नहीं खाना<br />29.नीले वस्त्र नहीं धारण करना</span><br /><span class="fbPhotoCaptionText" style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><b>Bishnoi / Vishnoi Community in Rajasthan as Animal Lover & Protector of Wildlife in Western Rajasthan in Pics, Photos</b>:</span></span><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEii7m8nY_YlZXK1-szHmpUAOiQvhs7jDGJkl-vJkyDHl1DiUf2cUMOI6Q1Lt778EVjRY_pTHgEAfdLZhDMXfQc5IPBP1eX5r9se6As8zmNxpQQnuTMmOjS60x2dfgK4bl7a-Pa3vx2lHRw/s1600/Bishnois_People_Animal_Lover_Pics_Photos3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #6666cc; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="281" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEii7m8nY_YlZXK1-szHmpUAOiQvhs7jDGJkl-vJkyDHl1DiUf2cUMOI6Q1Lt778EVjRY_pTHgEAfdLZhDMXfQc5IPBP1eX5r9se6As8zmNxpQQnuTMmOjS60x2dfgK4bl7a-Pa3vx2lHRw/s1600/Bishnois_People_Animal_Lover_Pics_Photos3.jpg" style="border: none; position: relative;" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://rajasthangks.blogspot.in/2014/05/summer-festival-mount-abu-rajasthan.html" style="color: #6666cc; text-decoration: none;">Summer Festival, Mount Abu (Rajasthan)</a></h3>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Summer festival 2014 is held in Mount Abhu (Rajasthan) from 12th to 14th May 2014. Summer festival is held every year during the month of May on Budh Poornima. The festival celebrates the warmth and cheerfulness of the people of hill station, who welcome the tourist from the depth of their hearts. The hospitality of the people, their colorful culture and exotic location made this festival a never to be forgotten experience.<br />The festival begins with a ceremonial procession, which starts from the RTDC Hotel Shikhar and gather at the Nakki Lake Chowk followed by folk performances of Rajasthan & Gujrat states. The grand finale of the Festival a display of dazzling <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD10" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-size: 16px !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;">fire works</span> all three days. This three day colourful festival is organized by the Rajasthan Tourism, Municipal Board, Mt.Abu & District Administration. The second and third day of the festival is more interesting because of various competitions that take place the whole day. Skating Race, skater’s Show, CRPF Band Show, Boat Race, Horse Race, <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD5" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-size: 16px !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;">Tug of War</span>, Panihari Matka Race and Deepdan add to the excitements of the celebration.</span></div>
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<a href="http://rajasthangks.blogspot.in/2013/07/bhapang-music-instrument.html" style="color: #6666cc; text-decoration: none;">Bhapang Music Instrument</a></h3>
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Bhapang Music Instrument: Bhapang is a rare single stringed percussion instrument affectionately known as a '<span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD8" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-size: 16px !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;">talking drum</span>' It originates from the Mewati community in the Alwar district. It is known as a Chongar in Maharashtra, Apang in Gujarat and Tumba in the Punjab. The Bhapang emits a unique sound due to the gut string passing through a skin parchment. It has a varying pitch which requires rapid hand movements and dexterity for the innumerable slides, oscillations and grace notes that are necessary in producing a haunting melody. It is often played to accompany Bhajans - spiritual, devotional songs - and poetry. Positioned under the armpit and plucked, it has a wonderful ability to convey emotion and depth despite its superficial simplicity.</div>
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When bhapang is played the <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD4" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-size: 16px !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;">musician</span> grasps a wooden handle that is attached to a string. The same string is attached to the membrane. During performance the drum emits a oscillating tone that gives the instrument its particular voice. A membrane of <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD9" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-size: 16px !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;">animal skin</span> is attached with tacks to hold the instrument together. A string is attached from handle to membrane. Five small metal bells are attached to the handle.</div>
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<a href="http://rajasthangks.blogspot.in/2013/07/jalore-mahotsav-rajasthan-jalore.html" style="color: #6666cc; text-decoration: none;">Jalore Mahotsav, Rajasthan | Jalore Festival</a></h3>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuAdE7uX0VYzrceqsJUo6aiQzfNsqdeWxx_lGf972QXRgGjnoVblj9sgHF2mi1NgyQTipFBwlXk21eaDhiyfECBXqEPRTC7TnXbSF8tPEIPp6rg8MmCqOG64xYK3HYDndObKfJ2YN8iOw/s1600/Jalore_Mahotsav_Rajasthan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; color: #6666cc; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="148" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuAdE7uX0VYzrceqsJUo6aiQzfNsqdeWxx_lGf972QXRgGjnoVblj9sgHF2mi1NgyQTipFBwlXk21eaDhiyfECBXqEPRTC7TnXbSF8tPEIPp6rg8MmCqOG64xYK3HYDndObKfJ2YN8iOw/s200/Jalore_Mahotsav_Rajasthan.jpg" style="border: none; position: relative;" width="200" /></a><b>Jalore Mahotsav 2013</b> will be held from 15th February to 17th February 2013 at Jalore stadium in Jalore district of Rajasthan. Jalore Mahotsav showcase the culture of Jalore and the best of the things Jalore district has to offer. Handicrafts, cattle, crops, plants, wild life, dance forms, Academic seminars, singing &amp; dancing, village-life, sports, youth career guidance ,cultural programmes, trade fair, food-stalls,sports for all age-groups, Kavi sammelan, artificial rock-climbing etc.</div>
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<a href="http://rajasthangks.blogspot.in/2013/07/sanwariya-seth-temple-mandaphia.html" style="color: #6666cc; text-decoration: none;">Sanwariya Seth Temple, Mandaphia (Rajasthan)</a></h3>
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<b style="text-align: justify;">Sanwariya Seth <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD7" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-size: 15px !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;">Temple</span>, Mandaphia</b><span style="text-align: justify;">: Sanwaliya Seth is Avatar of Lord Krishna.Sanwaliyaji also known as sanwariyaji or sanwariya seth or sanwara seth or setho ke seth.This temple is very famous in north india especially in Rajasthan, Gujrat, Maharashtra,Uttar Pradesh & Madhya Pradesh. </span></div>
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Various festivals and ceremonies organized round the year by the Mandir Mandal or by the devotees from different parts <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD12" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-size: 16px !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;">of the country</span>. Especially, on the 11th day of Bhadra- Shukla (Dev-Jhulni Ekaadashi), the Mandir Mandal organizes a mela (fair) and a rath processesion of the Lord in which lakhs of people <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD2" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-size: 16px !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;">participate</span> with great religious fervour and zeal.</div>
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<a href="http://rajasthangks.blogspot.in/2013/07/rupayan-sansthan-jodhpur.html" style="color: #6666cc; text-decoration: none;">Rupayan Sansthan, Jodhpur</a></h3>
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<b style="text-align: justify;">Rupayan Sansthan</b><span style="text-align: justify;">: is and NGO or Community Development center established in 1960 at Paota, Jodphur (Rajasthan). He founded the Rupayan Sansthan in the 1960, with Vijaydan Detha, an institute that documents Rajasthani folklore, arts and music. Rupayan Sansthan was established with the simple idea of collecting folk tales and folk songs to bring out the richness of the Rajasthani language, which is the mother tongue of more than 40 million people of Rajasthan. Since its inception, Rupayan has expanded its scope from merely research and archiving, to educating Rajasthanis on traditional livelihoods and cultures and working with traditional<span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD11" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-size: 15px !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;">performing arts</span> communities on development issues.</span></div>
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<a href="http://rajasthangks.blogspot.in/2013/07/bhakti-movement-in-rajasthan.html" style="color: #6666cc; text-decoration: none;">Bhakti movement in Rajasthan</a></h3>
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<b style="text-align: justify;">Bhakti movement in Rajasthan</b><span style="text-align: justify;">: Bhakti movement in Medieval India is responsible for the many rites and rituals associated with the worship of God by Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs of Indian subcontinent. Bhakti movement originated in ancient Tamil Nadu in 12th Century. Nayanmars and Alvars played major role in Bhakti movement. It began to spread to the north during the late medieval ages when north India was under Islamic rule. The main period of Bhakti Movement in Rajasthan is early 16th Century to late 18th Century. The Islamic rulers were pressing public to convert religion from Hindu to Islam. The Bhakti movement was counter to the prevalent caste ideology which was dividing Hinduism. So, the Bhakti movement has its own importance to save Hinduism. The movement was spontaneous and the mystics had their own versions of devotional expression which play a major role in Rajasthan.</span><br /><div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-4292075787318471307" itemprop="description articleBody" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 578px;">
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<b>Main Characteristics of Bhakti Movement</b>:</div>
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One chief characteristic of the Bhakti movement can be mentioned as belief in one God. A devotee could worship God by love and devotion. The second characteristic of the Bhakti movement was that there was no need to worship idols or to perform elaborate rituals for seeking his grace. The third feature on which the Bhakti saints laid stress was the equality of all castes. There was no distinction of high or low as far as the devotion to God was concerned. The fourth feature was the emphasis, which these saints laid on Hindu-Muslim unity. According to these saints all men irrespective of their religion are equal in the eyes of God. The saints preached in the language of the common people like Rajasthani, Khadi and other local language. They did not use Sanskrit, which was the language of the cultured few. These saints laid stress on purity of heart and practice of virtues like truth, honesty, kindness, and charity. Some saints regarded God as formless or Nirguna while others consider him as having different forms or Saguna. Most of Bhakti Movement saint in Rajasthan are of Saguna Bhakta.<br /><b>Important Bhakti Saints of Rajasthan</b>:<br />1. Dadu Dayal<br />2. Sundar das<br />3. Meera Bai<br />4. Bhakhan<br />5. Wajind<br />6. Raghavdas<br />7. Lal Das<br />8. Charan Das<br />9. Movaji<br />10. Khwaja Moinuddin Chisti </div>
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<a href="http://rajasthangks.blogspot.in/2013/07/camel-festival-is-held-in-which-city.html" style="color: #6666cc; text-decoration: none;">Camel festival is held in which City ?</a></h3>
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Camel festival is held in which City ?<br /><div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-5294569830765062820" itemprop="description articleBody" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 578px;">
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A. Bikaner<br />B. Jaisalmer<br />C. Barmer<br />D. Jodhpur<br />Ans: A, Bikaner<br /></div>
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<a href="http://rajasthangks.blogspot.in/2013/07/main-religious-center-of-vallabh-sect.html" style="color: #6666cc; text-decoration: none;">Main religious center of Vallabh sect in Rajasthan is ?</a></h3>
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The main religious center of Vallabh sect in Rajasthan is ?<br /><div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-2136346522428342852" itemprop="description articleBody" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 578px;">
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A. Nathdwara<br />B. Salemabad<br />C. Pushkar<br />D. Goga-medi<br />Ans: A</div>
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<a href="http://rajasthangks.blogspot.in/2013/07/nidari-navami-and-nevala-pooja.html" style="color: #6666cc; text-decoration: none;">Nidari Navami and Nevala Pooja</a></h3>
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<b>Nidari Navami:</b> Nidari Navami is occasion five days letter of Naag Panchmi which is dedicated to Navami or Mongoose Pooja as per Religion beliefs. Here is Article about Nidari Nawami by one of renowned pundit of India.<br /><div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-8766212772745873927" itemprop="description articleBody" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 578px;">
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<a href="http://rajasthangks.blogspot.in/2013/06/allah-jilai-bai-of-rajasthan-is.html" style="color: #6666cc; text-decoration: none;">Allah Jilai Bai of Rajasthan is ?</a></h3>
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<b>Allah Jilai Bai of Rajasthan is ?</b><br /><div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-7860714898091531537" itemprop="description articleBody" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 578px;">
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A. Rajasthan Author<br />B. Rajasthani Folk Singer<br />C. Musician<br />D. Social worker<br />Ans: B</div>
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<a href="http://rajasthangks.blogspot.in/2013/06/rani-sati-temple-is-situated-at.html" style="color: #6666cc; text-decoration: none;">Rani Sati temple is situated at ?</a></h3>
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Rani Sati temple is situated at ?<br /><div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-3989510712061940790" itemprop="description articleBody" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 578px;">
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A. Sikar<br />B. Jhunjhunu<br />C. Karoli<br />D. Udaipur<br />Ans: B</div>
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<a href="http://rajasthangks.blogspot.in/2013/06/godwad-festival-rajasthan.html" style="color: #6666cc; text-decoration: none;">Godwad Festival, Rajasthan</a></h3>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; text-align: justify;">The Godwad festival is a new three-day cultural festival introduced by the Rajasthan Tourism Department to promote the 'Godwad' region of the Pali district. The festival is held at Ranakpur and was initially promoted as a "Yoga Retreat and Classical Dance Festival". The first festival was held in August 2011 and the second Godwad festival was held in March 2012. Classical dances performances are held at the 13th century Sun Temple, besides traditional processions of Marwari horses and elephants, horse dancing and racing and folk dances as part of the festival. Godwad Festival- 2013 is scheduled to be held on 9-12 April 2013.</span><br /><div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-8709126626239011211" itemprop="description articleBody" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 578px;">
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<a href="http://rajasthangks.blogspot.in/2013/06/tanot-mata-temple-jaisalmer-rajasthan.html" style="color: #6666cc; text-decoration: none;">Tanot Mata Temple, Jaisalmer, Rajasthan</a></h3>
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<b style="text-align: justify;">Tanot Mata Temple</b><span style="text-align: justify;">: Tannot Mata temple is situated in Jaisalmer district of Rajasthan. The village is close to the border with Pakistan, and is very close to the battle site of Longewala of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. Tourists cannot go beyond this temple to see the Indo–Pak Border without permission from authorities. It is now a tourist destination in India. The area is said to have oil and gas reserves. </span><br /><div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-7130735650007891277" itemprop="description articleBody" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 578px;">
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<b>History behind Tanot Mata Temple</b>: It is said that during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, Pakistani Army dropped several bombs targeting the temple but none of the bombs could fall on the temple and large number of the bombs in the vicinity of the temple did not explode. After the war the temple management was handed over to Border Security Force of India. On date Border Security Force Jawans man the temple. The temple has a museum which has collections of the unexploded bombs dropped by Pakistan.<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<a href="http://rajasthangks.blogspot.in/2013/06/sitabari-mela-sitabari-fair-rajasthan.html" style="color: #6666cc; text-decoration: none;">Sitabari Mela | Sitabari Fair, Rajasthan</a></h3>
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Sitabari Fair, Rajasthan: Sitabari Mela or Sitabari Fair is biggest fair of Sahariya tribe of south-east rajastha, Sitabari fair is also referred as Kumbh in the Sahariya tribe. Holy Dip in Kunds at Sitabari FairHoly place Sitabri is about 45 Km. from the Baran city near the Kelwara Kasba. A big tribal fair is organised here on Jeshta Amavasya. The place has number of "Kunds" attributed to Sita, Laxman, Surya, Lav & Kush and taking a holy dip in them is considered auspicious. The Swyambar (marriage function) of Sahariya tribes is organised in this fair where people comes from all over Rajasthan state and adjoining Madhya Pradesh. A Sahariya boy drops the handkerchief for proposing Sahariya Purchasing at tribal fair girl in the fair, if the Sahariya girl accepts the Handkerchief, it is said that they are agreed for marriage. The bride and grooms take the 7 rounds (sat phere) of the Barnawa tree and after the blessings of their parents they are accepted as married couple.</div>
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Sitabari Fair derives its name from the place where it is held, that is Sitabari. It is a small-town but has tremendous religious significance to the Hindus as Sita, wife of Lord Rama, had stayed here. Thus, the place derives its name from this mythological belief. According to the Hindu Mythology, when Sita maa (wife of Lord Rama), was serving her period of banishment, she had stayed here.When Sita felt thirsty, Laksman ,her brother-in-law, shot an arrow in the ground that resulted in the spring of water. This stream is called “Lakshman Babhuka”. The Fair of Sitabari lays its roots in the importance of the town of Sitabari, according to the Hindu mythology.</div>
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<a href="http://rajasthangks.blogspot.in/2013/06/bhagoria-festival.html" style="color: #6666cc; text-decoration: none;">Bhagoria Festival</a></h3>
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<b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Bhagoria Festival</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">celebrated by Bheel tribal people at Jhabua and Alirajpur districts a week prior to Holi has been the amalgamation of modern elements and traditional landscape. Bhagoria festival is one of festival during which young boys and girls are allowed to elope after choosing their partners for marriage. Bhagoria Haat Festival is organized in the district of West Nimar(Khargon) and Jhabua. The haat is organized in the form of a 'swayamvar' or a marriage market where young girls and boys are allowed to choose their partners. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">In our endevour to provide the true flavour of the colorful and vibrant land of border of Madhya Pradesh / Rajasthan/ Gujarat, Bhagoria festival, is a unique festival which speaks of the multicultural base of modern India. The Bhagoria Haat in Jhabua, Madhya Pradesh reminds us of the age old colorful traditions of the tribal, since this festival originated with the Bhil tribal of Madhya Pradesh. The fun filled nature of the festival is representative of the rich cultural heritage that India represents. The concept of the festival originates in the process of elopement seen from its nomenclature, of “bhaag”, which literally means “run” in Hindi. It is also something like the idea of “Swayambhara” where young partners elope, and are later sanctioned by the society predetermined by their customs. Usually the couple may have met before the fair several times, and hence the idea of eloping is rather a formalized process, more stylistic than real, and conforming to the laws of their traditional rules and regulations. Bhagoria Festival is celebrated in the month Phalguna(February-March).The festival falls before Holi, another major Indian festival, and is also associated with agricultural harvest and fertility. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">QUIZ. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 10pt;">कोनसी</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 10pt;">जन</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">-</span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 10pt;">जाति</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 10pt;">भंगोरिया</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 10pt;">त्यौहार</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 10pt;">के</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 10pt;">अवसर</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 10pt;">पर</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 10pt;">अपना</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 10pt;">जीवन</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 10pt;">साथी</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 10pt;">चुनते</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 10pt;">है</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> ?<br />A. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 10pt;">मीणा</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />B. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 10pt;">डामोर</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />C. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 10pt;">भील</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />D. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 10pt;">गरासिया</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><br />Ans: C</span></b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://rajasthangks.blogspot.in/2013/06/bohra-ganesh-ji-temple-udaipur-rajasthan.html" style="color: #6666cc; text-decoration: none;">Bohra Ganesh Ji Temple, Udaipur Rajasthan</a></h3>
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Bohra Ganesh Ji Temple is one of famous Ganesh Temple in Udaipur city of southern Rajasthan. Bohra Ganesh Ji Temple is situated near Mohanlal Sukhadia University gate or Thokar railway station. This is old and famous Ganesh Temple with standing statue of Shree Ganesh Ji considered very fruitful (Chamatkarik).Thousands of Bhaktas(devotees) come here every Wednesday. It is belief that every holy event like marriage or other work like new business or any new purchase started with the worship of lord Ganesha will be done happily with the blessings of Lord Ganesha.</div>
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Ganesh Chaturthi, the most sacred festival of Lord Ganesha, occurs in August or September. It is an important event in India and celebrated with fervor. Due to this special power of Lord Vigneshwara, devotees lovingly shower him with prayers, sweets, and poojas at the commencement of every task and enterprise, thus becoming capable of completing the task without hardship or complexity.</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13627048482019499713noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7050439088134615803.post-88808516080064032212014-10-16T08:09:00.001+05:302014-10-16T08:11:00.080+05:30Fair and Festivals<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Summer Festival, Mount Abu (Rajasthan)</h3>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Summer festival 2014 is held in Mount Abhu (Rajasthan) from 12th to 14th May 2014. Summer festival is held every year during the month of May on Budh Poornima. The festival celebrates the warmth and cheerfulness of the people of hill station, who welcome the tourist from the depth of their hearts. The hospitality of the people, their colorful culture and exotic location made this festival a never to be <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD12" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-size: 16px !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;">forgotten</span> experience.<br />The festival begins with a ceremonial procession, which starts from the RTDC Hotel Shikhar and gather at the Nakki Lake Chowk followed by folk performances of Rajasthan & Gujrat states. The grand finale of the Festival a display of <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD8" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-size: 16px !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;">dazzling</span> <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD5" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-size: 16px !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;">fire works</span> all three days. This three day <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD6" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-size: 16px !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;">colourful</span> festival is organized by the Rajasthan Tourism, Municipal Board, Mt.Abu & District Administration. The second and third day of the festival is more interesting because of various competitions that take place the whole day. Skating Race, skater’s Show, CRPF Band Show, Boat Race, Horse Race, <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD3" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-size: 16px !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;">Tug of War</span>, Panihari Matka Race and Deepdan add to the excitements of <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD7" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-size: 16px !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;">the celebration</span>.</span></div>
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Kaila Devi Fair, Karauli (Rajasthan)</h3>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD9" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-size: 15px !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;">The annual</span> fair of Kaila Devi, (Mahalakshmi or <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD10" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-size: 15px !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;">the goddess</span> of wealth) will begins from </span><b style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; text-align: justify;">28th April 2014.</b><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; text-align: justify;"> Kaila Devi fair is held at <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD11" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-size: 15px !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;">the village</span> Kaila (24 kms to the south west of Karauli) in Karauli district in the month of Chaitra (Mar‐Apr), lasting for a fortnight. The temple of Kaila Devi is located on the banks of the Kalisil river in the hills of Trikut, 2 Kms. to the north‐west of Kaila village. Another attraction is the small temple dedicated to Bhairon, situated in the courtyard and facing the shrine of Kaila Devi is a temple of Hanuman locally called '</span><b style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; text-align: justify;">Languriya</b><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; text-align: justify;">"</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Approximately 2 lakh devotees gather during the fair. The ritual of Kanak‐Dandotis is observed by staunch devotees. They cover a distance of 15 to 20 Kms to reach the temple, not on foot but by lying prostrate, making lines with their hands in that position, advancing up to the line drawn and repeating this procedure till they reach the temple. While some eat food and take rest during the journey, others endure the rigours of the ritual. Groups of Meena tribesmen arrive in a spirit of gaiety – dancing, singing and creating a lively atmosphere. The spacious courtyard becomes the venue for dances and songs sung in praise of the guardian deity. The nearest railhead is Hindaun at a distance of about 48 Kms. Shri Mahavirji is another railhead of the Western Railway near Kaila. The site is approachable by well maintained roads from Karauli, Hindaun and Mahavirji. During the fair, the State Transport as well as private operators provide bus services keeping in mind the huge inflow of pilgrims.</span></div>
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Camel festival is held in which City ?</h3>
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Camel festival is held in which City ?<br />
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A. Bikaner<br />
B. Jaisalmer<br />
C. Barmer<br />
D. Jodhpur<br />
Ans: A, Bikaner</div>
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Kaila Devi Fair, Karauli</h3>
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<b style="text-align: justify;">Kaila Devi Fair</b><span style="text-align: justify;">: The annual fair of Kaila Devi, (Mahalakshmi or the goddess of wealth),is held atthe village Kaila (24 kms to the south west of Karauli) in Karauli district in the month of Chaitra (Mar-Apr), lasting for a fortnight. The temple of Kaila Devi is located on the banks of the Kalisil river in the hills of Trikut, 2 Kms. to the north-west of Kaila village. Another attraction is the small temple dedicated to Bhairon, situated in the courtyard and facing the shrine of Kaila Devi is a temple of Hanuman locally called 'Languriya'. Approximately 2 lakh devotees gather during the fair. The ritual of Kanak-Dandotis is observed by staunch devotees. They cover a distance of 15 to 20 Kms to reach the temple, not on foot but by lying prostrate, making lines with their hands in that position, advancing up to the line drawn and repeating this procedure till they reach the temple.</span><br />
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Godwad Festival, Rajasthan</h3>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; text-align: justify;">The Godwad festival is a new three-day cultural festival introduced by the Rajasthan Tourism Department to promote the 'Godwad' region of the Pali district. The festival is held at Ranakpur and was initially promoted as a "Yoga Retreat and Classical Dance Festival". The first festival was held in August 2011 and the second Godwad festival was held in March 2012. Classical dances performances are held at the 13th century Sun Temple, besides traditional processions of Marwari horses and elephants, horse dancing and racing and folk dances as part of the festival. Godwad Festival- 2013 is scheduled to be held on 9-12 April 2013.</span><br />
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Camel Festival, Bikaner, Rajasthan</h3>
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<b style="text-align: justify;">Camel Festival, Bikaner</b><span style="text-align: justify;">: Camel Festival is organized each year in January month by the state government with camel races, various cultural events and a fire dance performed by the Sidh people. This festival starts off with a magnificent procession of bedecked camels against the red sandstone backdrop of the Junagarh Fort (1588-1593) in the town. It is a colorful spectacle of beautifully decorated camels that fascinates the onlookers with their charm and grace. The festivity advances to the open sand-spreads of the Polo Grounds, followed by camel races, camel milking, fur cutting design, the best breed competition, camel acrobatics, camel bands and so on.</span><br />
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Bikaner camel festival has a historical significance. The camels were very important when there were no motor vehicles. At that time the camels were an important part of the transport in the city of Bikaner. Camel festival is organized by the Art and craft Department of Rajasthan Tourism with an intention of attracting more and more tourists to this city which is famous for its camels. The camels of Rajasthan were famous for their endurance as well as their strength and beauty. Today, even when cars have taken away much of pressure from our Ship of Desert of Rajasthan, camels continue to hold their place intact.</div>
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THURSDAY, JUNE 27, 2013</h2>
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Sitabari Mela | Sitabari Fair, Rajasthan</h3>
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Sitabari Fair, Rajasthan: Sitabari Mela or Sitabari Fair is biggest fair of Sahariya tribe of south-east rajastha, Sitabari fair is also referred as Kumbh in the Sahariya tribe. Holy Dip in Kunds at Sitabari FairHoly place Sitabri is about 45 Km. from the Baran city near the Kelwara Kasba. A big tribal fair is organised here on Jeshta Amavasya. The place has number of "Kunds" attributed to Sita, Laxman, Surya, Lav & Kush and taking a holy dip in them is considered auspicious. The Swyambar (marriage function) of Sahariya tribes is organised in this fair where people comes from all over Rajasthan state and adjoining Madhya Pradesh. A Sahariya boy drops the handkerchief for proposing Sahariya Purchasing at tribal fair girl in the fair, if the Sahariya girl accepts the Handkerchief, it is said that they are agreed for marriage. The bride and grooms take the 7 rounds (sat phere) of the Barnawa tree and after the blessings of their parents they are accepted as married couple.</div>
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Sitabari Fair derives its name from the place where it is held, that is Sitabari. It is a small-town but has tremendous religious significance to the Hindus as Sita, wife of Lord Rama, had stayed here. Thus, the place derives its name from this mythological belief. According to the Hindu Mythology, when Sita maa (wife of Lord Rama), was serving her period of banishment, she had stayed here.When Sita felt thirsty, Laksman ,her brother-in-law, shot an arrow in the ground that resulted in the spring of water. This stream is called “Lakshman Babhuka”. The Fair of Sitabari lays its roots in the importance of the town of Sitabari, according to the Hindu mythology.</div>
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Bhagoria Festival</h3>
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<b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Bhagoria Festival</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">celebrated by Bheel tribal people at Jhabua and Alirajpur districts a week prior to Holi has been the amalgamation of modern elements and traditional landscape. Bhagoria festival is one of festival during which young boys and girls are allowed to elope after choosing their partners for marriage. Bhagoria Haat Festival is organized in the district of West Nimar(Khargon) and Jhabua. The haat is organized in the form of a 'swayamvar' or a marriage market where young girls and boys are allowed to choose their partners. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">In our endevour to provide the true flavour of the colorful and vibrant land of border of Madhya Pradesh / Rajasthan/ Gujarat, Bhagoria festival, is a unique festival which speaks of the multicultural base of modern India. The Bhagoria Haat in Jhabua, Madhya Pradesh reminds us of the age old colorful traditions of the tribal, since this festival originated with the Bhil tribal of Madhya Pradesh. The fun filled nature of the festival is representative of the rich cultural heritage that India represents. The concept of the festival originates in the process of elopement seen from its nomenclature, of “bhaag”, which literally means “run” in Hindi. It is also something like the idea of “Swayambhara” where young partners elope, and are later sanctioned by the society predetermined by their customs. Usually the couple may have met before the fair several times, and hence the idea of eloping is rather a formalized process, more stylistic than real, and conforming to the laws of their traditional rules and regulations. Bhagoria Festival is celebrated in the month Phalguna(February-March).The festival falls before Holi, another major Indian festival, and is also associated with agricultural harvest and fertility. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">QUIZ. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 10pt;">कोनसी</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 10pt;">जन</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">-</span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 10pt;">जाति</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 10pt;">भंगोरिया</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 10pt;">त्यौहार</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 10pt;">के</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 10pt;">अवसर</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 10pt;">पर</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 10pt;">अपना</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 10pt;">जीवन</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 10pt;">साथी</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 10pt;">चुनते</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 10pt;">है</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> ?<br />A. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 10pt;">मीणा</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />B. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 10pt;">डामोर</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />C. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 10pt;">भील</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />D. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 10pt;">गरासिया</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><br />Ans: C</span></b></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13627048482019499713noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7050439088134615803.post-62388110173768345872014-10-14T12:45:00.000+05:302014-10-14T12:45:06.626+05:30Current Affairs<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h1 style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Geneva, Swiss, SunSans-Regular; font-size: 13pt; margin: 3px; padding: 3px; text-align: justify;" title="Current Affairs, Current Affairs 2013, Current Affairs Of India, Current Affair In India 2013, Current World Affairs 2013">
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left;">International</span></h1>
<ul style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Geneva, Swiss, SunSans-Regular; font-size: small; text-align: justify;">
<li><strong>NASA Selects Boeing, SpaceX To Ferry US Astronauts To ISS</strong><br />With a goal to end the US' sole reliance on the Russian Space Shuttle in 2017, NASA selected two American firms to transport astronauts to the International Space Station (ISS).<br />The space agency chose the US multinational Boeing Co and California-based Space Exploration Technologies Corp (SpaceX) for the multi-billion dollar contract to carry astronauts in space taxis to and from orbit using their CST-100 and Crew Dragon spacecraft, respectively.</li>
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<li><strong>World's First Swimming Dinosaur Found In Morocco</strong><br />In a surprise find, palaeontologists have discovered the world's first known swimming dinosaur – a 15-metre-long behemoth with a crocodile-like face.The creature called Spinosaurus aegyptiacus had feet well suited to paddling and a sail-like structure rising from its spine.It also had unusually dense bones, possibly to help weigh it down as it hunted its underwater prey.</li>
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<li><strong>Modi Seeks Japan's Help In Skill Development</strong><br />Prime Minister Narendra Modi Monday sought Japan's help for skill development in India. Stating that 65 percent of India's population was young, Modi said: "In 2020, when the world would need a workforce, we are preparing for it from now itself, so that we can match the global workforce."<br />"India is a youthful nation. We want to give importance to skill development. Be it quality, zero defect, discipline, we give importance to it," Modi said while addressing business leaders here.</li>
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<li><strong>World's first lab grown stem cells implanted</strong><br />Japanese researchers have successfully implanted lab-grown retinal tissue from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) into a woman in her 70s – the world's first recipient of stem cells.<br />In a two-hour procedure, a team of three eye specialists led by Yasuo Kurimoto of the Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital transplanted a 1.3 by 3.0 millimetre sheet of retinal pigment epithelium cells into an eye of the woman who was suffering from an age-related macular degeneration.</li>
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<h2 style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 3px; padding: 3px;" title="National Current Affairs 2014, National Current Events 2014">
National</h2>
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<li><b>Modi starts Clean India drive, says India can do it</b><br />Prime Minister Narendra Modi Thursday (Oct 1,2014) symbolically wielded the broom in Dalit colony where Mahatma Gandhi once stayed to launch a unique nationwide campaign which seeks to change Indians' mindset vis-a-vis hygiene and clean up the country in five years.<br />In a spirited speech near the India Gate monument a short while later, Modi told a huge gathering that Indians had a responsibility to fulfill Gandhi's dream by ridding the country of dirt and filth by 2019, the 150th birth anniversary of Father of the Nation.</li>
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<li><strong>Modi Launches 'Make In India' Campaign, Portal And Logo</strong><br />Narendra Modi launched his pet "Make in India" campaign on Sep 25, 2014 (Thursday) to put India prominently on the global manufacturing map and, in turn, facilitate the inflow of new technology and capital, while creating millions of jobs.<br />The ambitious scheme, that also puts in place the logistics and systems to address in a timely manner queries of potential investors, was unveiled along with a logo, a portal and brochures on 25 identified growth sectors before Who's Who of the corporate world from India and abroad at the Vigyan Bhavan conference complex here.</li>
<li><strong>India enters Mars orbit, makes history</strong><br />India made history by becoming the first country in the world to enter the Martian orbit in its maiden attempt on Sep 24,2014 (Wednesday).<br />"The spacecraft (Orbiter) was successfully inserted into the Martian orbit at 515 km away from the red planet's surface and 215 million km away from the earth in radio distance," a senior space official told at the mission's control centre here.</li>
<li><strong>India, Japan Will Steer The 21st Century; Modi</strong><br />Prime Minister Narendra Modi Tuesday said India and Japan's friendship will determine the course of the 21st century.<br />"There is no doubt that the 21st century belongs to Asia. But India and Japan's friendship will determine how it will actually look like," Modi told the Indian community in Japan after inaugurating the Vivekananda Cultural Centre here.</li>
<li><strong>India, China Cooperation Will Help Develop The World: Modi</strong><br />Prime Minister Narendra Modi hinted at the immense possibilities that could open with a free trade agreement between India and China and the creation of such a market.<br />"India and China today constitute almost 35 percent of the world's population. From a purely arithmetic point of view, the betterment of 35 percent of the world's population and that they decide to work together will open big gates for progress and development in the world," Modi told Chinese journalists here ahead of President Xi Jinping's visit to India.</li>
<li><strong>Justice Dattu sworn-in as new Chief Justice of India</strong><br />Justice Handyala Lakshminarayanaswamy Dattu was Sunday (Sep 28, 2014) sworn-in as the 42nd Chief Justice of India.<br />Administered the oath of office by President Pranab Mukherjee, Chief Justice Dattu will hold office till Dec 2, 2015. He succeeds Chief Justice R.M. Lodha who demitted office Sep 27.</li>
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<h2 style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 3px; padding: 3px;" title="Sports Current Affairs 2014, Sports Current Events 2014">
Sports</h2>
<ul style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Geneva, Swiss, SunSans-Regular; font-size: small; text-align: justify;">
<li><b>Hockey team win gold after 16 years, women's relay team champions again</b><br />The national anthem was played twice during the day as the men's hockey won the gold medal after 16 long years and the women's 4x400m relay team emerged champions for the fourth consecutive time taking India back into top-10 at the ninth spot again in the 17th Asian Games here Thursday.<br />Besides the two gold medals, India also got three bronze medals in the day from boxers Satish Kumar, Vikas Krishan and shotputter Inderjit Singh and took the tally to 54 medals, including nine gold, nine silver and 36 bronze. China is the runaway leader with 321 medals followed by hosts South Korea (211) and Japan (184).</li>
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<li><b>Mary Kom strikes Asiad boxing gold</b><br />India's M.C. Mary Kom clinched the gold medal in the women's flyweight (48-51kg) boxing competition of the 17th Asian Games here Wednesday.<br />Mary, a five-time World Champion, defeated Kazakhstan's Zhaina Shekerbekova 2-0, with one judge scoring the bout 38-38.</li>
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<li><b>Yogeshwar ends India's 28-year wait for wrestling gold in Asian Games</b><br />Indian Wrestler Yogeshwar Dutt ended India's 28-year-old wait for an Asian Games gold medal but his compatriots Babita Kumari and Satywart Kadian missed out on the bronze at the Dowon Gymnasium here.<br />Yogeshwar, Olympic bronze medallist, put on a stupendous show in winning 3-0 in the title-clash against Zalimkhan Yusupov of Tajikistan. Yogeshwar's gold in men's 65kg freestyle was India's first since 1986, when Kartar Singh had won the yellow metal in the Seoul Games.</li>
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<li><b>Arjuna Award for boxer Manoj Kumar: Sports ministry</b><br />Indian boxer Manoj Kumar, who was forced to drag the sports ministry to the court after he was controversially denied the Arjuna Award, will finally get the prestigious award, an official said Wednesday (sep 17, 2014).<br />Sports secretary Ajit Sharan told IANS that the government had decided to bestow the Arjuna Award upon Manoj, a 2010 Commonwealth Games gold-medallist, after the Incheon Asian Games.</li>
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<h2 style="font-size: 10pt; margin: 3px; padding: 3px;" title="Business Current Affairs 2014, Business Current Events 2014">
Business and Economy</h2>
<ul style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Geneva, Swiss, SunSans-Regular; font-size: small; text-align: justify;">
<li><b>Indian Enterprise Will Deliver Sustained 8-9 Percent Growth: Modi</b><br />Prime Minister Narendra Modi said, the entrepreneurial nature of over a million Indians is the basis of his belief that the country will be able to consistently achieve growth rates of 8-9 percent over a sustained period, and for which he has a clear road map.<br />"It is my absolute belief that Indians have unlimited talent. I have a lot of faith in the entrepreneurial nature of our 1.25 billion people. There is a lot of capability. And I have a clear road-map to channel it," Modi said in an exclusive interview to CNN's Fareed Zakaria.</li>
<li><b>SBI celebrated 150 years of its operations in Colombo</b><br />State Bank of India celebrated 150 years of its operations in Sri Lanka on 13 September 2014. SBI Colombo is operational since 1864. It was earlier a branch of Bank of Hindustan, which was taken over by Bank of Madras in 1867.<br />SBI Managing Director Krishna Kumar reaffirmed the bank's commitment to partner in Sri Lanka's efforts in developing its economy.</li>
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<h2 style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Geneva, Swiss, SunSans-Regular; font-size: 10pt; margin: 3px; padding: 3px; text-align: justify;" title="Defence">
Defence</h2>
<span style="color: black;"><a href="http://www.civilserviceindia.com/current-affairs/international/index.html" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Geneva, Swiss, SunSans-Regular; font-size: small; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none;"></a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Geneva, Swiss, SunSans-Regular; font-size: x-small; text-align: justify;"></span><a href="http://www.civilserviceindia.com/current-affairs/national/index.html" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Geneva, Swiss, SunSans-Regular; font-size: small; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none;"></a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Geneva, Swiss, SunSans-Regular; font-size: x-small; text-align: justify;"></span><a href="http://www.civilserviceindia.com/current-affairs/sports/index.html" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Geneva, Swiss, SunSans-Regular; font-size: small; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none;"></a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Geneva, Swiss, SunSans-Regular; font-size: x-small; text-align: justify;"></span><a href="http://www.civilserviceindia.com/current-affairs/business_and_economy.html" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Geneva, Swiss, SunSans-Regular; font-size: small; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none;"></a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Geneva, Swiss, SunSans-Regular; font-size: x-small; text-align: justify;"></span></span><br />
<ul style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Geneva, Swiss, SunSans-Regular; font-size: small; text-align: justify;">
<li><b>Indian Navy has transformed from buyer to builder: Naval chief</b><br />The Indian Navy has transformed from a "buyer's navy to a builder's navy", Chief of Naval Staff Admiral R.K. Dhowan said here Thursday.<br />"The blue print for the future Indian Navy is firmly anchored on self-reliance and indigenisation and currently we have 41 ships and submarines under construction in various public and private shipyards within the country," Admiral Dhowan said after commissioning the 2,200 tonnes INS Sumitra patrol vessel at a ceremony here.</li>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13627048482019499713noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7050439088134615803.post-22728488791231203682014-10-14T09:58:00.001+05:302014-10-14T09:58:18.548+05:30भारत की नदियां<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 12pt;">नदिया</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></h1>
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<span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">भारत</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">की</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">नदियां</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">चार</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">समूहों</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">में</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">वर्गीकृत</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">की</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">जा</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">सकती</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">हैं</span> –</div>
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(1), <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">हिमालय</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">की</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">नदियां</span>, </div>
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(2) <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">प्रायद्वीपीय</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">नदियां</span>, </div>
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(3)<span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">तटवर्ती</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">नदियां</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">और</span> </div>
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(4) <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">अंतःस्थलीय</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">प्रवाह</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">क्षेत्र</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">की</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">नदियां।</span></div>
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हिमालय की नदियां बारहमासी है, जिन्हें पानी आमतौर पर बर्फ पिघलने से मिलता है। इनमें वर्षभर निर्बाध प्रवाहबना रहता है। मानसून के महीने में हिमालय पर भारी वर्षा होती है, जिससे नदियों में पानी बढ़ जाने के कारणअक्सर बाढ़ आ जाती है। दूसरी तरफ प्रायद्वीप की नदियों में सामान्यतः वर्षा का पानी रहता है, इसलिए पानी कीमात्रा घटती-बढ़ती रहती है। अधिकांश नदियां बारहमासी नहीं हैं। तटीय नदियां, विशेषकर पश्चिमी तट की, कम लंबीहैं और इनका जलग्रहण क्षेत्र सीमित है। इनमें से अधिकतर में एकाएक पानी भर जाता है। पश्चिमी राजस्थान मेंनदियां बहुत कम हैं। इनमें से अधिकतर थोड़े दिन ही बहती हैं।<br />
सिंधु और गंगा-ब्रह्मपुत्र-मेघना नदियों से हिमालय की मुख्य नदी प्रणालियां बनती हैं। सिंधु नदी विश्व की बड़ी नदियोंमें से एक है। तिब्बत में मानसरोवर के निकट इसका उद्गम स्थल है। यह भारत से होती हुई पाकिस्तान जाती है औरअंत में कराची के निकट अरब सागर में मिल जाती है। भारतीय क्षेत्र में बहने वाली इसकी प्रमुख सहायक नदियों मेंसतलुज (जिसका उद्गगम तिब्बत में होता है), व्यास, रावी,चेनाब और झेलम हैं। गंगा-ब्रह्मपुत्र-मेघना अन्य महत्वपूर्णनदी प्रणाली है और भागीरथी और अलकनंदा जिसकी उप-नदी घाटियां हैं, इनके देवप्रयाग में आपस में मिल जाने सेगंगा उत्पन्न होती है। यह उत्तराखंड, उत्तरप्रदेश, बिहार और पश्चिम बंगाल राज्यों से होती हुई बहती है। राजमहलपहाडियों के नीचे भागीरथी बहती है, जो कि पहले कभी मुख्यधारा में थी, जबकि पद्मा पूर्व की ओर बहती हुईबांग्लादेश में प्रवेश करती है। यमुना, रामगंगा, घाघरा, गंडक, कोसी, महानंदा और सोन नदियां गंगा की प्रमुखसहायक नदियां हैं। चंबल और बेतवा महत्वपूर्ण उपसहायक नदियां हैं जो गंगा से पहले यमुना में मिलती हैं। पद्माऔर ब्रह्मपुत्र बांग्लादेश के अंदर मिलती हैं और पद्मा या गंगा के रूप में बहती रहती हैं। ब्रह्मपुत्र का उद्भव तिब्बत मेंहोता है जहां इसे ‘सांगपो’ के नाम से जाना जाता है और यह लंबी दूरी तय करके भारत में अरुणाचलप्रदेश में प्रवेशकरती है जहां इसे दिहांग नाम मिल जाता है। पासीघाट के निकट, दिबांग और लोहित ब्रह्मपुत्र नदी में मिल जाती हैं,फिर यह नदी असम से होती हुई धुबरी के बाद बांग्लादेश में प्रवेश कर जाती है।<br />
भारत में ब्रह्मपुत्र की प्रमुख सहायक नदियों में सुबानसिरी, जिया भरेली, धनश्री, पुथीमारी, पगलादीया और मानस हैं।बांग्लादेश में ब्रह्मपुत्र में तीस्ता आदि नदियां मिलकर अंत में गंगा में मिल जाती हैं। मेघना की मुख्यधारा बराक नदीका उद्भव मणिपुर की पहाडियों में होता है। इसकी मुख्य सहायक नदियां मक्कू, त्रांग, तुईवई, जिरी, सोनाई, रुकनी,काटाखल, धनेश्वरी, लंगाचीनी, मदुवा और जटिंगा हैं। बराक बांग्लादेश में तब तक बहती रहती है जब तक कि भैरवबाजार के निकट गंगा-ब्रह्मपुत्र नदी में इसका विलय नहीं हो जाता।<br />
दक्कन क्षेत्र में प्रमुख नदी प्रणालियां बंगाल की खाड़ी में जाकर मिलती हैं। बहने वाली प्रमुख अंतिम नदियों मेंगोदावरी, कृष्णा, कावेरी, महानदी आदि हैं। नर्मदा और ताप्ती पश्चिम की ओर बहने वाली मुख्य नदियां हैं।<br />
सबसे बड़ा थाला दक्षिणी प्रायद्वीप में गोदावरी का है। इसमें भारत के कुल क्षेत्र का लगभग 10 प्रतिशत भाग शामिलहै। प्रायद्वीपीय भारत में दूसरा सबसे बड़ा थाला कृष्णा नदी का है और तीसरा बड़ा थाला महानदी का है। दक्षिण कीऊपरी भूमि में नर्मदा अरब सागर की ओर है और दक्षिण में कावेरी बंगाल की खाड़ी में गिरती है, इनके थाले बराबरविस्तार के हैं, यद्यपि उनकी विशेषताएं और आकार भिन्न-भिन्न हैं।<br />
कई तटीय नदियां हैं जो तुलनात्मक रूप से छोटी हैं। ऐसी गिनी-चुनी नदियां पूर्वी तट के डेल्टा के निकट समुद्र मेंमिल जाती हैं जबकि पश्चिमी तट पर ऐसी करीब 600 नदियां हैं।<br />
राजस्थान में कई नदियां समुद्र में नहीं मिलती। वे नमक की झीलों में मिलकर रेत में समा जाती हैं क्योंकि इनकासमुद्र की ओर कोई निकास नहीं है। इनके अलावा रेगिस्तानी नदियां लूनी तथा अन्य, माछू रूपेन, सरस्वती, बनांसतथा घग्घर हैं जो कुछ दूरी तक बहकर मरुस्थल में खो जाती हैं।<br />
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<span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">हिमालय</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">की</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">नदियां</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">बारहमासी</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">है</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">, </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">जिन्हें</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">पानी</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">आमतौर</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">पर</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">बर्फ</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">पिघलने</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">से</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">मिलता</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">है।</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">इनमें</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">वर्षभर</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">निर्बाध</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">प्रवाह</span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">बना</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">रहता</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">है।</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">मानसून</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">के</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">महीने</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">में</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">हिमालय</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">पर</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">भारी</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">वर्षा</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">होती</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">है</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">, </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">जिससे</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">नदियों</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">में</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">पानी</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">बढ़</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">जाने</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">के</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">कारण</span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">अक्सर</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">बाढ़</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">आ</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">जाती</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">है।</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">दूसरी</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">तरफ</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">प्रायद्वीप</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">की</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">नदियों</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">में</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">सामान्यतः</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">वर्षा</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">का</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">पानी</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">रहता</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">है</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">, </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">इसलिए</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">पानी</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">की</span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">मात्रा</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">घटती</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">-</span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">बढ़ती</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">रहती</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">है।</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">अधिकांश</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">नदियां</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">बारहमासी</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">नहीं</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">हैं।</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">तटीय</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">नदियां</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">, </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">विशेषकर</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">पश्चिमी</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">तट</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">की</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">, </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">कम</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">लंबी</span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">हैं</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">और</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">इनका</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">जलग्रहण</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">क्षेत्र</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">सीमित</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">है।</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">इनमें</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">से</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">अधिकतर</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">में</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">एकाएक</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">पानी</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">भर</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">जाता</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">है।</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">पश्चिमी</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">राजस्थान</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">में</span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">नदियां</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">बहुत</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">कम</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">हैं।</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">इनमें</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">से</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">अधिकतर</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">थोड़े</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">दिन</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">ही</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">बहती</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> </span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">हैं।</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">सिंधु</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">और</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">गंगा</span>-<span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">ब्रह्मपुत्र</span>-<br />
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<span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">मेघना</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">नदियों</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">से</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">हिमालय</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">की</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">मुख्य</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">नदी</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">प्रणालियां</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">बनती</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">हैं।</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">सिंधु</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">नदी</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">विश्व</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">की</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">बड़ी</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">नदियों</span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">में</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">से</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">एक</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">है।</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">तिब्बत</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">में</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">मानसरोवर</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">के</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">निकट</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">इसका</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">उद्गम</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">स्थल</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">है।</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">यह</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">भारत</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">से</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">होती</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">हुई</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">पाकिस्तान</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">जाती</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">है</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">और</span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">अंत</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">में</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">कराची</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">के</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">निकट</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">अरब</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">सागर</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">में</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">मिल</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">जाती</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">है।</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">भारतीय</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">क्षेत्र</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">में</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">बहने</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">वाली</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">इसकी</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">प्रमुख</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">सहायक</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">नदियों</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">में</span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">सतलुज</span> (<span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">जिसका</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">उद्गगम</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">तिब्बत</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">में</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">होता</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">है</span>), <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">व्यास</span>, <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">रावी</span>, <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">चेनाब</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">और</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">झेलम</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">हैं।</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">गंगा</span>-<span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">ब्रह्मपुत्र</span>-<span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">मेघना</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">अन्य</span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">महत्वपूर्ण</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">नदी</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">प्रणाली</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">है</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">और</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">भागीरथी</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">और</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">अलकनंदा</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">जिसकी</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">उप</span>-<span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">नदी</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">घाटियां</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">हैं</span>, <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">इनके</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">देवप्रयाग</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">में</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">आपस</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">में</span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">मिल</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">जाने</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">से</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">गंगा</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">उत्पन्न</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">होती</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">है।</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">यह</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">उत्तराखंड</span>, <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">उत्तरप्रदेश</span>, <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">बिहार</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">और</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">पश्चिम</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">बंगाल</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">राज्यों</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">से</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">होती</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">हुई</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">बहती</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">है।</span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">राजमहल</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">पहाडियों</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">के</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">नीचे</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">भागीरथी</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">बहती</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">है</span>, <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">जो</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">कि</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">पहले</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">कभी</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">मुख्यधारा</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">में</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">थी</span>, <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">जबकि</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">पद्मा</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">पूर्व</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">की</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">ओर</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">बहती</span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">हुई</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">बांग्लादेश</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">में</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">प्रवेश</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">करती</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">है।</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">यमुना</span>, <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">रामगंगा</span>, <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">घाघरा</span>, <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">गंडक</span>, <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">कोसी</span>, <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">महानंदा</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">और</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">सोन</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">नदियां</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">गंगा</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">की</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">प्रमुख</span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">सहायक</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">नदियां</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">हैं।</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">चंबल</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">और</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">बेतवा</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">महत्वपूर्ण</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">उपसहायक</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">नदियां</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">हैं</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">जो</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">गंगा</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">से</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">पहले</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">यमुना</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">में</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">मिलती</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">हैं।</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">पद्मा</span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">और</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">ब्रह्मपुत्र</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">बांग्लादेश</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">के</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">अंदर</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">मिलती</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">हैं</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">और</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">पद्मा</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">या</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">गंगा</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">के</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">रूप</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">में</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">बहती</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">रहती</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">हैं।</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">ब्रह्मपुत्र</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">का</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">उद्भव</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">तिब्बत</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">में</span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">होता</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">है</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">जहां</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">इसे</span> ‘<span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">सांगपो</span>’ <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">के</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">नाम</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">से</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">जाना</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">जाता</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">है</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">और</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">यह</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">लंबी</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">दूरी</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">तय</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">करके</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">भारत</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">में</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">अरुणाचलप्रदेश</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">में</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">प्रवेश</span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">करती</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">है</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">जहां</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">इसे</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">दिहांग</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">नाम</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">मिल</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">जाता</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">है।</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">पासीघाट</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">के</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">निकट</span>, <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">दिबांग</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">और</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">लोहित</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">ब्रह्मपुत्र</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">नदी</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">में</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">मिल</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">जाती</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">हैं</span>,<span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">फिर</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">यह</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">नदी</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">असम</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">से</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">होती</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">हुई</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">धुबरी</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">के</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">बाद</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">बांग्लादेश</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">में</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">प्रवेश</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">कर</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">जाती</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">है।</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">भारत</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">में</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">ब्रह्मपुत्र</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">की</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">प्रमुख</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">सहायक</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">नदियों</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">में</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">सुबानसिरी</span>, <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">जिया</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">भरेली</span>, <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">धनश्री</span>, <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">पुथीमारी</span>, <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">पगलादीया</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">और</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">मानस</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">हैं।</span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">बांग्लादेश</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">में</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">ब्रह्मपुत्र</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">में</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">तीस्ता</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">आदि</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">नदियां</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">मिलकर</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">अंत</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">में</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">गंगा</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">में</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">मिल</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">जाती</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">हैं।</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">मेघना</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">की</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">मुख्यधारा</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">बराक</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">नदी</span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">का</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">उद्भव</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">मणिपुर</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">की</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">पहाडियों</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">में</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">होता</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">है।</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">इसकी</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">मुख्य</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">सहायक</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">नदियां</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">मक्कू</span>, <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">त्रांग</span>, <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">तुईवई</span>, <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">जिरी</span>, <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">सोनाई</span>, <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">रुकनी</span>,<span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">काटाखल</span>, <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">धनेश्वरी</span>, <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">लंगाचीनी</span>, <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">मदुवा</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">और</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">जटिंगा</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">हैं।</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">बराक</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">बांग्लादेश</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">में</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">तब</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">तक</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">बहती</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">रहती</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">है</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">जब</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">तक</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">कि</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">भैरव</span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">बाजार</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">के</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">निकट</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">गंगा</span>-<span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">ब्रह्मपुत्र</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">नदी</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">में</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">इसका</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">विलय</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">नहीं</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">हो</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">जाता।</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">दक्कन</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">क्षेत्र</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">में</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">प्रमुख</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">नदी</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">प्रणालियां</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">बंगाल</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">की</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">खाड़ी</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">में</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">जाकर</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">मिलती</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">हैं।</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">बहने</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">वाली</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">प्रमुख</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">अंतिम</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">नदियों</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">में</span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">गोदावरी</span>, <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">कृष्णा</span>, <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">कावेरी</span>, <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">महानदी</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">आदि</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">हैं।</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">नर्मदा</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">और</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">ताप्ती</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">पश्चिम</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">की</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">ओर</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">बहने</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">वाली</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">मुख्य</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">नदियां</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">हैं।</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">सबसे</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">बड़ा</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">थाला</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">दक्षिणी</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">प्रायद्वीप</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">में</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">गोदावरी</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">का</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">है।</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">इसमें</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">भारत</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">के</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">कुल</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">क्षेत्र</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">का</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">लगभग</span> 10 <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">प्रतिशत</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">भाग</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">शामिल</span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">है।</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">प्रायद्वीपीय</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">भारत</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">में</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">दूसरा</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">सबसे</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">बड़ा</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">थाला</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">कृष्णा</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">नदी</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">का</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">है</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">और</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">तीसरा</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">बड़ा</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">थाला</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">महानदी</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">का</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">है।</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">दक्षिण</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">की</span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">ऊपरी</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">भूमि</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">में</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">नर्मदा</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">अरब</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">सागर</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">की</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">ओर</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">है</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">और</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">दक्षिण</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">में</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">कावेरी</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">बंगाल</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">की</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">खाड़ी</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">में</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">गिरती</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">है</span>, <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">इनके</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">थाले</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">बराबर</span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">विस्तार</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">के</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">हैं</span>, <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">यद्यपि</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">उनकी</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">विशेषताएं</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">और</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">आकार</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">भिन्न</span>-<span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">भिन्न</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">हैं।</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">कई</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">तटीय</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">नदियां</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">हैं</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">जो</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">तुलनात्मक</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">रूप</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">से</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">छोटी</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">हैं।</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">ऐसी</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">गिनी</span>-<span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">चुनी</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">नदियां</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">पूर्वी</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">तट</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">के</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">डेल्टा</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">के</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">निकट</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">समुद्र</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">में</span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">मिल</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">जाती</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">हैं</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">जबकि</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">पश्चिमी</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">तट</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">पर</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">ऐसी</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">करीब</span> 600 <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">नदियां</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">हैं।</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">राजस्थान</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">में</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">कई</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">नदियां</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">समुद्र</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">में</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">नहीं</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">मिलती।</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">वे</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">नमक</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">की</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">झीलों</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">में</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">मिलकर</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">रेत</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">में</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">समा</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">जाती</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">हैं</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">क्योंकि</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">इनका</span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">समुद्र</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">की</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">ओर</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">कोई</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">निकास</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">नहीं</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">है।</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">इनके</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">अलावा</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">रेगिस्तानी</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">नदियां</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">लूनी</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">तथा</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">अन्य</span>, <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">माछू</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">रूपेन</span>, <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">सरस्वती</span>, <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">बनांस</span><span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">तथा</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">घग्घर</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">हैं</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">जो</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">कुछ</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">दूरी</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">तक</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">बहकर</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">मरुस्थल</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">में</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">खो</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">जाती</span> <span style="font-family: Mangal, serif;">हैं।</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13627048482019499713noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7050439088134615803.post-5815855818026274112014-10-14T09:28:00.002+05:302014-10-14T09:28:16.801+05:30सिन्धु घाटी सभ्यता - विस्तार से<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; font-weight: normal; margin: 0.75em 0px 0px; position: relative;">
<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.4;">सिंधु</span><span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.4;"> घाटी सभ्यता(३३००-१७०० ई.पू.) </span></h3>
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<span style="font-size: 13px;">विश्व की प्राचीन नदी घाटी सभ्यताओं में से एक प्रमुख सभ्यता थी। यह हड़प्पा सभ्यता और सिंधु-सरस्वती सभ्यता के नाम से भी जानी जाती है। इसका विकास सिंधु और घघ्घर/हकड़ा (प्राचीन सरस्वती) के किनारे हुआ। मोहनजोदड़ो, कालीबंगा , लोथल् , धोलावीरा , राखीगरी , और हड़प्पा इसके प्रमुख केन्द्र थें। ब्रिटिश काल में हुई खुदाइयों के आधार पर पुरातत्ववेत्ता और इतिहासकारों का अनुमान है कि यह अत्यंत विकसित सभ्यता थी और ये शहर अनेक बार बसे और उजड़े हैं। चार्ल्स मैसेन ने पहली बार इस पुरानी सभ्यता को खोजा। कनिंघम ने १८७२ में इस सभ्यता के बारे मे सर्वेक्षण किया। फ्लीट ने इस पुरानी सभ्यता के बारे मे एक लेख लिखा। १९२१ में दयाराम साहनी ने हड़प्पा का उत्खनन किया। इस प्रकार इस सभ्यता का नाम हड़प्पा सभ्यता रखा गया। यह सभ्यता सिन्धु नदी घाटी मे फैली हुई थी इसलिए इसका नाम सिन्धु घाटी सभ्यता रखा गया। प्रथम बार नगरों के उदय के कारण इसे प्रथम नगरीकरण भी कहा जाता है प्रथम बार कांस्य के प्रयोग के कारण इसे कांस्य सभ्यता भी कहा जाता है। सिन्धु घाटी सभ्यता के १४०० केन्द्रों को खोजा जा सका है जिसमें से ९२५ केन्द्र भारत में है। ८० प्रतिशत्त स्थल सरस्वती नदी और उसकी सहायक नदियो के आस-पास है। अभी तक कुल खोजों में से ३ प्रतिशत स्थलों का ही उत्खनन हो पाया है।<br />सिन्धु घाटी सभ्यता का क्षेत्र अत्यन्त व्यापक था। आरम्भ में हड़प्पा और मोहनजोदड़ो की खुदाई से इस सभ्यता के प्रमाण मिले हैं। अतः विद्वानों ने इसे सिन्धु घाटी की सभ्यता का नाम दिया, क्योंकि यह क्षेत्र सिन्धु और उसकी सहायक नदियों के क्षेत्र में आते हैं, पर बाद में रोपड़, लोथल, कालीबंगा, वनमाली, रंगापुर आदि क्षेत्रों में भी इस सभ्यता के अवशेष मिले जो सिन्धु और उसकी सहायक नदियों के क्षेत्र से बाहर थे। अतः कई इतिहासकार इस सभ्यता का प्रमुख केन्द्र हड़प्पा होने के कारण इस सभ्यता को "हड़प्पा सभ्यता" नाम देना अधिक उचित मानते हैं।<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">विस्तार</span><br />इस सभ्यता का क्षेत्र संसार की सभी प्राचीन सभ्यताओं के क्षेत्र से अनेक गुना बड़ा और विशाल था। इस परिपक्व सभ्यता के केन्द्र-स्थल पंजाब तथा सिन्ध में था। तत्पश्चात इसका विस्तार दक्षिण और पूर्व की दिशा में हुआ। इस प्रकार हड़प्पा संस्कृति के अन्तर्गत पंजाब, सिन्ध और बलूचिस्तान के भाग ही नहीं, बल्कि गुजरात, राजस्थान, हरियाणा और पश्चिमी उत्तर प्रदेश के सीमान्त भाग भी थे। इसका फैलाव उत्तर में जम्मू से लेकर दक्षिण में नर्मदा के मुहाने तक और पश्चिम में बलूचिस्तान के मकरान समुद्र तट से लेकर उत्तर पूर्व में मेरठ तक था। यह सम्पूर्ण क्षेत्र त्रिभुजाकार है और इसका क्षेत्रफल 12,99,600 वर्ग किलोमीटर है। इस तरह यह क्षेत्र आधुनिक पाकिस्तान से तो बड़ा है ही, प्राचीन मिस्र और मेसोपोटामिया से भी बड़ा है। ईसा पूर्व तीसरी और दूसरी सहस्त्राब्दी में संसार भार में किसी भी सभ्यता का क्षेत्र हड़प्पा संस्कृति से बड़ा नहीं था। अब तक भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप में इस संस्कृति के कुल 1000 स्थलों का पता चल चुका है। इनमें से कुछ आरंभिक अवस्था के हैं तो कुछ परिपक्व अवस्था के और कुछ उत्तरवर्ती अवस्था के। परिपक्व अवस्था वाले कम जगह ही हैं। इनमें से आधे दर्जनों को ही नगर की संज्ञा दी जा सकती है। इनमें से दो नगर बहुत ही महत्वपूर्ण हैं - पंजाब का हड़प्पा तथा सिन्ध का मोहें जो दड़ो (शाब्दिक अर्थ - प्रेतों का टीला)। दोनो ही स्थल पाकिस्तान में हैं। दोनो एक दूसरे से 483 किमी दूर थे और सिंधु नदी द्वारा जुड़े हुए थे। तीसरा नगर मोहें जो दड़ो से 130 किमी दक्षिण में चन्हुदड़ो स्थल पर था तो चौथा नगर गुजरात के खंभात की खाड़ी के उपर लोथल नामक स्थल पर। इसके अतिरिक्त राजस्थान के उत्तरी भाग में कालीबंगां (शाब्दिक अर्थ -काले रंग की चूड़ियां) तथा हरियाणा के हिसार जिले का बनावली। इन सभी स्थलों पर परिपक्व तथा उन्नत हड़प्पा संस्कृति के दर्शन होते हैं। सुतकागेंडोर तथा सुरकोतड़ा के समुद्रतटीय नगरों में भी इस संस्कृति की परिपक्व अवस्था दिखाई देती है। इन दोनों की विशेषता है एक एक नगर दुर्ग का होना। उत्तर ङड़प्पा अवस्था गुजरात के कठियावाड़ प्रायद्वीप में रंगपुर और रोजड़ी स्थलों पर भी पाई गई है। इस सभ्य्ता की जाऩकारी सबसे पेहले १८२६ मे चाल्स्र् मैन को प्राप्त हुइ।<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">नगर निर्माण योजना</span><br />इस सभ्यता की सबसे विशेष बात थी यहां की विकसित नगर निर्माण योजना। हड़प्पा तथा मोहन् जोदड़ो दोनो नगरों के अपने दुर्ग थे जहां शासक वर्ग का परिवार रहता था। प्रत्येक नगर में दुर्ग के बाहर एक एक उससे निम्न स्तर का शहर था जहां ईंटों के मकानों में सामान्य लोग रहते थे। इन नगर भवनों के बारे में विशेष बात ये थी कि ये जाल की तरह विन्यस्त थे। यानि सड़के एक दूसरे को समकोण पर काटती थीं और नगर अनेक आयताकार खंडों में विभक्त हो जाता था। ये बात सभी सिन्धु बस्तियों पर लागू होती थीं चाहे वे छोटी हों या बड़ी। हड़प्पा तथा मोहन् जोदड़ो के भवन बड़े होते थे। वहां के स्मारक इस बात के प्रमाण हैं कि वहां के शासक मजदूर जुटाने और कर-संग्रह में परम कुशल थे। ईंटों की बड़ी-बड़ी इमारत देख कर सामान्य लोगों को भी यह लगेगा कि ये शासक कितने प्रतापी और प्रतिष्ठावान थे।<br /><br />मोहन जोदड़ो का अब तक का सबसे प्रसिद्ध स्थल है विशाल सार्वजनिक स्नानागार, जिसका जलाशय दुर्ग के टीले में है। यह ईंटो के स्थापत्य का एक सुन्दर उदाहरण है। यब 11.88 मीटर लंबा, 7.01 मीटर चौड़ा और 2.43 मीटर गहरा है। दोनो सिरों पर तल तक जाने की सीढ़ियां लगी हैं। बगल में कपड़े बदलने के कमरे हैं। स्नानागार का फर्श पकी ईंटों का बना है। पास के कमरे में एक बड़ा सा कुंआ है जिसका पानी निकाल कर होज़ में डाला जाता था। हौज़ के कोने में एक निर्गम (<span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD7" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 153, 0) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-size: 13px !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;">Outlet</span>) है जिससे पानी बहकर नाले में जाता था। ऐसा माना जाता है कि यह विशाल स्नानागर धर्मानुष्ठान सम्बंधी स्नान के लिए बना होगा जो भारत में पारंपरिक रूप से धार्मिक कार्यों के लिए आवश्यक रहा है। मोहन जोदड़ो की सबसे बड़ा संरचना है - अनाज रखने का कोठार, जो 45.71 मीटर लंबा और 15.23 मीटर चौड़ा है। हड़प्पा के दुर्ग में छः कोठार मिले हैं जो ईंटों के चबूतरे पर दो पांतों में खड़े हैं। हर एक कोठार 15.23 मी. लंबा तथा 6.09 मी. चौड़ा है और नदी के किनारे से कुछेक मीटर की दूरी पर है। इन बारह इकाईयों का तलक्षेत्र लगभग 838.125 वर्ग मी. है जो लगभग उतना ही होता है जितना मोहन जोदड़ो के कोठार का। हड़प्पा के कोठारों के दक्षिण में खुला फर्श है और इसपर दो कतारों में ईंट के वृत्ताकार चबूतरे बने हुए हैं। फर्श की दरारों में गेहूँ और जौ के दाने मिले हैं। इससे प्रतीत होता है कि इन चबूतरों पर फ़सल की दवनी होती थी। हड़प्पा में दो कमरों वाले बैरक भी मिले हैं जो शायद मजदूरों के रहने के लिए बने थे। कालीबंगां में भी नगर के दक्षिण भाग में ईंटों के चबूतरे बने हैं जो शायद कोठारों के लिए बने होंगे। इस प्रकार यह स्पष्ट होता है कि कोठार हड़प्पा संस्कृति के अभिन्न अंग थे।<br /><br />हड़प्पा संस्कृति के नगरों में ईंट का इस्तेमाल एक विशेष बात है, क्योंकि इसी समय के मिस्र के भवनों में धूप में सूखी ईंट का ही प्रयोग हुआ था। समकालीन मेसोपेटामिया में पक्की ईंटों का प्रयोग मिलता तो है पर इतने बड़े पैमाने पर नहीं जितना सिन्धु घाटी सभ्यता में। मोहन जोदड़ो की जल निकास प्रणाली अद्भुत थी। लगभग हर नगर के हर छोटे या बड़े मकान में प्रांगण और स्नानागार होता था। कालीबंगां के अनेक घरों में अपने-अपने कुएं थे। घरों का पानी बहकर सड़कों तक आता जहां इनके नीचे मोरियां (नालियां) बनी थीं। अक्सर ये मोरियां ईंटों और पत्थर की सिल्लियों से ढकीं होती थीं। सड़कों की इन मोरियों में नरमोखे भी बने होते थे। सड़कों और मोरियों के अवशेष बनावली में भी मिले हैं।<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">आर्थिक जीवन</span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">कृषि एवं पशुपालन</span><br /><br />आज के मुकाबले सिन्धु प्रदेश पूर्व में बहुत ऊपजाऊ था। ईसा-पूर्व चौथी सदी में सिकन्दर के एक इतिदासकार ने कहा था कि सिन्ध इस देश के ऊपजाऊ क्षेत्रों में गिना जाता था। पूर्व काल में प्राकृतिक वनस्पति बहुत थीं जिसके कारण यहां अच्छी वर्षा होती थी। यहां के वनों से ईंटे पकाने और इमारत बनाने के लिए लकड़ी बड़े पैमाने पर इस्तेमाल में लाई गई जिसके कारण धीरे धीरे वनों का विस्तार सिमटता गया। सिन्धु की उर्वरता का एक कारण सिन्धु नदी से प्रतिवर्ष आने वाली बाढ़ भी थी। गांव की रक्षा के लिए खड़ी पकी ईंट की दीवार इंगित करती है बाढ़ हर साल आती थी। यहां के लोग बाढ़ के उतर जाने के बाद नवंबर के महीने में बाढ़ वाले मैदानों में बीज बो देते थे और अगली बाढ़ के आने से पहले अप्रील के महीने में गेँहू और जौ की फ़सल काट लेते थे। यहां कोई फावड़ा या फाल तो नहीं मिला है लेकिन कालीबंगां की प्राक्-हड़प्पा सभ्यता के जो कूँट (हलरेखा) मिले हैं उनसे आभास होता है कि राजस्थान में इस काल में हल जोते जाते थे।<br /><br />सिन्धु घाटी सभ्यता के लोग गेंहू, जौ, राई, मटर, ज्वार आदि अनाज पैदा करते थे। वे दो किस्म की गेँहू पैदा करते थे। बनावली में मिला जौ उन्नत किस्म का है। इसके अलावा वे तिल और सरसों भी उपजाते थे। सबसे पहले कपास भी यहीं पैदा की गई। इसी के नाम पर यूनान के लोग इस सिन्डन (Sindon) कहने लगे। हड़प्पा योंतो एक कृषि प्रधान संस्कृति थी पर यहां के लोग पशुपालन भी करते थे। बैल-गाय, भैंस, बकरी, भेड़ और सूअर पाला जाता था . हड़प्पाई लोगों को हाथी तथा गैंडे का ज्ञान था।<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">व्यापार</span><br /><br />यहां के लोग आपस में पत्थर, धातु शल्क (हड्डी) आदि का व्यापार करते थे। एक बड़े भूभाग में ढेर सारी सील (मृन्मुद्रा), एकरूप लिपि और मानकीकृत माप तौल के प्रमाण मिले हैं। वे चक्के से परिचित थे और संभवतः आजकल के इक्के (रथ) जैसा कोई वाहन प्रयोग करते थे। ये अफ़ग़ानिस्तान और ईरान (फ़ारस) से व्यापार करते थे। उन्होने उत्तरी अफ़ग़ानिस्तान में एक वाणिज्यिक उपनिवेश स्थापित किया जिससे उन्हें व्यापार में सहूलियत होती थी। बहुत सी हड़प्पाई सील मेसोपोटामिया में मिली हैं जिनसे लगता है कि मेसोपोटामिया से भी उनका व्यापार सम्बंध था। मेसोपोटामिया के अभिलेखों में मेलुहा के साथ व्यापार के प्रमाण मिले हैं साथ ही दो मध्यवर्ती व्यापार केन्द्रों का भी उल्लेख मिलता है - दलमुन और माकन। दिलमुन की पहचान शायद फ़ारस की खाड़ी के बहरीन के की जा सकती है।<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">राजनैतिक जीवन</span><br /><br />इतना तो स्पष्ट है कि हड़प्पा की विकसित नगर निर्माण प्रणाली, विशाल सार्वजनिक स्नानागारों का अस्तित्व और विदेशों से व्यापारिक संबंध किसी बड़ी राजनैतिक सत्ता के बिना नहीं हुआ होगा पर इसके पुख्ता प्रमाण नहीं मिले हैं कि यहां के शासक कैसे थे और शासन प्रणाली का स्वरूप क्या था। लेकिन नगर व्यवस्था को देखकर लगता है कि कोई नगर निगम जैसी स्थानीय स्वशासन वाली संस्था थी|<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">धार्मिक जीवन</span><br />हड़प्पा में पकी मिट्टी की स्त्री मूर्तिकाएं भारी संख्या में मिली हैं। एक मूर्ति में स्त्री के गर्भ से निकलता एक पौधा दिखाया गया है। विद्वानों के मत में यह पृथ्वी देवी की प्रतिमा है और इसका निकट संबंध पौधों के जन्म और वृद्धि से रहा होगा। इसलिए मालूम होता है कि यहां के लोग धरती को उर्वरता की देवी समझते थे और इसकी पूजा उसी तरह करते थे जिस तरह मिस्र के लोग नील नदी की देवी आइसिस् की। लेकिन प्राचीन मिस्र की तरह यहां का समाज भी मातृ प्रधान था कि नहीं यह कहना मुश्किल है। कुछ वैदिक सूक्तों में पृथ्वी माता की स्तुति है, किन्तु उनकों कोई प्रमुखता नहीं दी गई है। कालान्तर में ही हिन्दू धर्म में मातृदेवी को उच्च स्थान मिला है। ईसा की छठी सदी और उसके बाद से ही दुर्गा, अंबा, चंडी आदि देवियों को आराध्य देवियों का स्थान मिला।<br /><br />यहां मिले सील पर पुरुष देवता का चित्र महायोगी आदिनाथ भगवान का है जो जैनो के पहले तीर्थकर है भैंसा वो भैंसा न होकर वेल {oxe}है जो आसन के नीचे पाया गया है। वो आदिनाथ का च्हिन है। यह सत्य है कि यहां पर लिंग पूजा का भी प्रचलन था परन्तु आदिनाथ यहां के प्रर्मुख देव थे। हिरण भगवान् शान्तिनाथ का च्हिन है। बाघ या शेर भागवान महावीर का च्हिन है।हाथी भगवान् अजिताथ का च्हिन है प्र्मानानुसार ऋग्वेद मे वरनित व्रात्य जाति जो वातरसना मुनि को पुजा करते थे वातरसना मुनि यानि जैन मुनि या जैन तीर्थकर व्रात्य यहां की प्रमुख जाति थी अन्य जातियोन मै नाग असुर थै और कई महान लोगो ने यह प्रमानित भी किया<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">शिल्प और तकनीकी ज्ञान</span><br />यद्यपि इस युग के लोग पत्थरों के बहुत सारे औजार तथा उपकरण प्रयोग करते थे पर वे कांसे के निर्माण से भली भींति परिचित थे। तांबे तथा टिन मिलाकर धातुशिल्पी कांस्य का निर्माण करते थे। हंलांकि यहां दोनो में से कोई भी खनिज प्रचुर मात्रा में उपलब्ध नहीं था। सूती कपड़े भी बुने जाते थे। लोग नाव भी बनाते थे। मुद्रा निर्माण, मूर्तिका निर्माण के सात बरतन बनाना भी प्रमुख शिल्प था।<br /><br />प्राचीन मेसोपोटामिया की तरह यहां के लोगों ने भी लेखन कला का आविष्कार किया था। हड़प्पाई लिपि का पहला नमूना 1853 ईस्वी में मिला था और 1923 में पूरी लिपि प्रकाश में आई परन्तु अब तक पढ़ी नहीं जा सकी है। लिपि का ज्ञान हो जाने के कारण निजी सम्पत्ति का लेखा-जोखा आसान हो गया। व्यापार के लिए उन्हें माप तौल की आवश्यकता हुई और उन्होने इसका प्रयोग भी किया। बाट के तरह की कई वस्तुए मिली हैं। उनसे पता चलता है कि तौल में 16 या उसके आवर्तकों (जैसे - 16, 32, 48, 64, 160, 320, 640, 1280 इत्यादि) का उपयोग होता था। दिलचस्प बात ये है कि आधुनिक काल तक भारत में 1 रूपया 16 आने का होता था। 1 किलो में 4 पाव होते थे और हर पाव में 4 कनवां यानि एक किलो में कुल 16 कनवां।<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">अवसान</span><br /><br />यह सभ्यता मुख्यतः 2500 ई.पू. से 1800 ई. पू. तक रही। ऐसा आभास होता है कि यह सभ्य्ता अपने अंतिम चरण में ह्वासोन्मुख थी। इस समय मकानों में पुरानी ईंटों के प्रयोग की जानकारी मिलती है। इसके विनाश के कारणों पर विद्वान एकमत नहीं हैं। सिंधु घाटी सभ्यता के अवसान के पीछे विभिन्न तर्क दिये जाते हैं जैसे: बर्बर आक्रमण, जलवायु परिवर्तन एवं पारिस्थितिक असंतुलन, बाढ तथा भू-तात्विक परिवर्तन, महामारी, आर्थिक कारण। ऐसा लगता है कि इस सभ्यता के पतन का कोइ एक कारण नहीं था बल्कि विभिन्न कारणों के मेल से ऐसा हुआ। जो अलग अलग समय में या एक साथ होने कि सम्भावना है। मोहेन्जो दरो मे नगर और जल निकास कि वय्व्वस्था से महामरी कि सम्भावन कम लगति है। भिशन अग्निकान्द के भि प्रमान प्राप्त हुए है। मोहेन्जोदरो के एक कमरे से १४ नर कन्काल मिले है जो आक्रमन, आगजनि, महामारी के संकेत है।</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13627048482019499713noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7050439088134615803.post-85346959337559527642014-10-14T09:13:00.004+05:302014-10-14T09:13:38.378+05:30कालीबंगा हड़प्पा संस्कृति का तीसरा बड़ा नगर<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">कालीबंगा राजस्थान के हनुमानगढ़ जिले का एक प्राचीन एवं ऐतिहासिक स्थल है। </span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;">कालीबंगा हनुमानगढ जिले मॆ स्थित है।</span><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4;"> यहां हड़प्पा सभ्यता के बहुत दिलचस्प और महत्वपूर्ण अवशेष मिले हैं। काली बंगा एक छोटा नगर था। यहां एक दुर्ग मिला है।</span></h3>
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<span style="font-size: 13px;"><br />राजस्थान के गंगानगर जिले में स्थित कालीबंगा स्थान पर उखन्न द्वारा (१९६१ ई. के मध्य किए गए) २६ फ़िट ऊँची पश्चिमी थेड़ी (टीले) से प्राप्त अवशेषों से विदित होता है कि लगभग ४५०० वर्ष पूर्व यहाँ सरस्वती नदी के किनारे हड़प्पा कालीन सभ्यता फल-फूल रही थी। कालीबंगा गंगानगर ज़िले में सूरतगढ़ के निकट स्थित है। यह स्थान प्राचीन काल की नदी सरस्वती (जो कालांतर में सूख कर लुप्त हो गई थी) के तट पर स्थित था। यह नदी अब घग्घर नदी के रुप में है। सतलज उत्तरी राजस्थान में समाहित होती थी। सूरतगढ़ के निकट नहर-भादरा क्षेत्र में सरस्वती व हृषद्वती का संगम स्थल था। स्वंय सिंधु नदी अपनी विशालता के कारण वर्षा ॠतु में समुद्र जैसा रुप धारण कर लेती थी जो उसके नामकरण से स्पष्ट है। हमारे देश भारत में "र्तृधर सभ्यता" का मूलत: उद्भव विकास एवं प्रसार "सप्तसिन्धव" प्रदेश में हुआ तथा सरस्वती उपत्यका का उसमें विशिष्ट योगदान है। सरस्वती उपत्यका (घाटी) सरस्वती एवं हृषद्वती के मध्य स्थित "ब्रह्मवर्त" का पवित्र प्रदेश था जो मनु के अनुसार "देवनिर्मित" था। धनधान्य से परिपूर्ण इस क्षेत्र में वैदिक ॠचाओं का उद्बोधन भी हुआ। सरस्वती (वर्तमान में घग्घर) नदियों में उत्तम थी तथा गिरि से समुद्र में प्रवेश करती थी। ॠग्वेद (सप्तम मण्डल, २/९५) में कहा गया है-"एकाचतत् सरस्वती नदी नाम शुचिर्यतौ। गिरभ्य: आसमुद्रात।।" सतलज उत्तरी राजस्थान में सरस्वती में समाहित होती थी।<br /><br />सी.एप. ओल्डन ( C.F. OLDEN ) ने ऐतिहासिक और भौगोलिक तथ्यों के आधार पर बताया कि घग्घर हकरा नदी के घाट पर ॠग्वेद में बहने वाली नदी सरस्वती 'हृषद्वती' थी। तब सतलज व यमुना नदियाँ अपने वर्तमान पाटों में प्रवाहित न होकर घग्घर व हसरा के पाटों में बहती थीं।<br /><br />महाभारत काल तक सरस्वती लुप्त हो चुकी थी और १३वीं शती तक सतलज, व्यास में मिल गई थी। पानी की मात्र कम होने से सरस्वती रेतीले भाग में सूख गई थी। ओल्डन महोदय के अनुसार सतलज और यमुना के बीच कई छोटी-बड़ी नदियाँ निकलती हैं। इनमें चौतंग, मारकंडा, सरस्वती आदि थी। ये नदियाँ आज भी वर्षा ॠतु में प्रवाहित होती हैं। राजस्थान के निकट ये नदियाँ निकल कर एक बड़ी नदी घग्घर का रुप ले लेती हैं। आग चलकर यह नदी पाकिस्तान में हकरा, वाहिद, नारा नामों से जानी जाती है। ये नदियाँ आज सूखी हुई हैं - किन्तु इनका मार्ग राजस्थान से लेकर करांची और पूर्व कच्छ की खाड़ी तक देखा जा सकता है।<br /><br />वाकणकर महाशय के अनुसार सरस्वती नदी के तट पर २०० से अधिक नगर बसे थे, जो हड़प्पाकालीन हैं। इस कारण इसे 'सिंधुघाटी की सभ्यता' के स्थान पर 'सरस्वती नदी की सभ्यता' कहना चाहिए। मूलत: घग्घर-हकरा ही प्राचीन सरस्वती नदी थी जो सतलज और यमुना के संयुक्त गुजरात तरु बहती थी जिसका पाट (चौड़ाई) ब्रह्मपुत्र नदी से बढ़कर ८ कि.मी. था। वाकणकर के अनुसार सरस्वती नदी २ लाख ५० हजार वर्ष पूर्व नागौर, लूनासर, आसियाँ, डीडवाना होते हुए लूणी से मिलती थी जहाँ से वह पूर्व में कच्छ का रण नानूरण जल सरोवर होकर लोथल के निकट संभात की काढ़ी में गिरती थी, किंतु ४०,००० वर्ष पूर्व पहले भूचाल आया जिसके कारण सरस्वती नदी मार्ग परिवर्तन कर घग्घर नदी के मार्ग से होते हुए हनुमानगढ़ और सूरतगढ़ के बहावलपुर क्षेत्र में सिंधु नदी के समानान्तर बहती हुई कच्छ के मैदान में समुद्र से मिल जाती थी। महाभारत काल में कौरव-पाण्डव युद्ध इसी के तट पर लड़ा गया। इसी काल में सरस्वती के विलुप्त होने पर यमुना गंगा में मिलने लगी।<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">कालीबंगा से प्राप्त प्रागैतिहासिक अवशेष</span><br />१९२२ ई. में राखलदास बैनजी एवं दयाराम साहनी के नेतृत्व में मोहनजोदड़ो एवं हड़प्पा (अब पाकिस्तान में लरकाना जिले में स्थित) के उत्पन्न द्वारा हड़प्पा या सिंधु घाटी सभ्यता के अवशेष मिले थे जिनसे ४५०० वर्ष पूर्व की प्राचीन सभ्यता का पता चला था। बाद में इस सभ्यता के लगभग १०० केन्द्रों का पता चला जिनमें राजस्थान का कालीबंगा क्षेत्र अत्यन्त महत्वपूर्ण है। मोहनजोदड़ो व हड़प्पा के बाद हड़प्पा संस्कृति का कालीबंगा तीसरा बड़ा नगर सिद्ध हुआ है। जिसके एक टीले के उत्खनन द्वारा निम्नांकित अवशेष स्रोत के रुप में मिले हैं जिनकी विशेषताएँ भारतीय सभ्यता के विकास में उनका योगदान स्पष्ट करती हैं -<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">ताँबे के औज़ार व मूर्तियाँ</span><br /><br />कालीबंगा में उत्खन्न से प्राप्त अवशेषों में ताँबे (धातु) से निर्मित औज़ार, हथियार व मूर्तियाँ मिली हैं, जो यह प्रकट करती है कि मानव प्रस्तर युग से ताम्रयुग में प्रवेश कर चुका था।<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">अंकित मुहरें</span><br /><br />कालीबंगा से सिंधु घाटी (हड़प्पा) सभ्यता की मिट्टी पर बनी मुहरें मिली हैं, जिन पर वृषभ व अन्य पशुओं के चित्र व र्तृधव लिपि में अंकित लेख है जिन्हें अभी तक पढ़ा नहीं जा सका है। वह लिपि दाएँ से बाएँ लिखी जाती थी।<br />ताँबे या मिट्टी की बनी मूर्तियाँ, पशु-पक्षी व मानव कृतियाँ<br /><br />मिली हैं जो मोहनजोदड़ो व हड़प्पा के समान हैं। पशुओं में बैल, बंदर व पक्षियों की मूर्तियाँ मिली हैं जो पशु-पालन, व कृषि में बैल का उपयोग किया जाना प्रकट करता है।<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">तोल के बाट</span><br /><br />पत्थर से बने तोलने के बाट का उपयोग करना मानव सीख गया था।<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">बर्तन</span><br /><br />मिट्टी के विभिन्न प्रकार के छोटे-बड़े बर्तन भी प्राप्त हुए हैं जिन पर चित्रांकन भी किया हुआ है। यह प्रकट करता है कि बर्तन बनाने हेतु 'चारु' का प्रयोग होने लगा था तथा चित्रांकन से कलात्मक प्रवृत्ति व्यक्त करता है।<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">आभूषण</span><br /><br />अनेक प्रकार के स्री व पुरुषों द्वारा प्रयुक्त होने वाले काँच, सीप, शंख, घोंघों आदि से निर्मित आभूषण भी मिलें हैं जैसे कंगन, चूड़ियाँ आदि।<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">नगर नियोजन</span><br style="font-weight: bold;" /><br />मोहनजोदड़ो व हड़प्पा की भाँति कालीबंगा में भी सूर्य से तपी हुई ईटों से बने मकान, दरवाज़े, चौड़ी सड़कें, कुएँ, नालियाँ आदि पूर्व योजना के अनुसार निर्मित हैं जो तत्कालीन मानव की नगर-नियोजन, सफ़ाई-व्यवस्था, पेयजल व्यवस्था आदि पर प्रकाश डालते हैं।<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">कृषि-कार्य संबंधी अवशेष</span><br /><br />कालीबंगा से प्राप्त हल से अंकित रेखाएँ भी प्राप्त हुई हैं जो यह सिद्ध करती हैं कि यहाँ का मानव कृषि कार्य भी करता था। इसकी पुष्टि बैल व अन्य पालतू पशुओं की मूर्तियों से भी होती हैं। बैल व बारहसिंघ की अस्थियों भी प्राप्त हुई हैं। बैलगाड़ी के खिलौने भी मिले हैं।<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">खिलौने</span><br /><br />धातु व मिट्टी के खिलौने भी मोहनजोदड़ो व हड़प्पा की भाँति यहाँ से प्राप्त हुए हैं जो बच्चों के मनोरंजन के प्रति आकर्षण प्रकट करते हैं।<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">धर्म संबंधी अवशेष</span><br /><br />मोहनजोदड़ो व हड़प्पा की भाँति कालीबंगा से मातृदेवी की मूर्ति नहीं मिली है। इसके स्थान पर आयाताकार वर्तुलाकार व अंडाकार अग्निवेदियाँ तथा बैल, बारसिंघे की हड्डियाँ यह प्रकट करती है कि यहाँ का मानव यज्ञ में पशु-बलि भी देता था।<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">दुर्ग (किला)</span><br /><br />सिंधु घाटी सभ्यता के अन्य केन्द्रो से भिन्न कालीबंगा में एक विशाल दुर्ग के अवशेष भी मिले हैं जो यहाँ के मानव द्वारा अपनाए गए सुरक्षात्मक उपायों का प्रमाण है।<br /><br />उपर्युक्त अवशेषों के स्रोतों के रुप में कालीबंगा व सिंधु-घाटी सभ्यता में अपना विशिष्ट स्थान है। कुछ पुरातत्वेत्ता तो सरस्वती तट पर बसे होने के कारण कालीबंगा सभ्यता को 'सरस्वती घाटी सभ्यता' कहना अधिक उपयुक्त समझते हैं क्योंकि यहाँ का मानव प्रागैतिहासिक काल में हड़प्पा सभ्यता से भी कई दृष्टि से उन्नत था। खेती करने का ज्ञान होना, दुर्ग बना कर सुरक्षा करना, यज्ञ करना आदि इसी उन्नत दशा के सूचक हैं। वस्तुत: कालीबंगा का प्रागैतिहासिक सभ्यता एवं संस्कृति के विकास में यथेष्ट योगदान रहा है।</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13627048482019499713noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7050439088134615803.post-79911192232182166402014-10-14T08:33:00.000+05:302014-10-14T09:12:48.986+05:30List of Chief Ministers of Indian States<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span itemprop="description"><strong>2. Punjab</strong></span></div>
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<span itemprop="description"><a href="http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/Omar-abdullaha-150x100.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><br /></a>Prakash Singh Badal</span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description"><strong>3. Haryana</strong></span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description">Bhupinder Singh Hooda</span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description"><strong>4. Himachal Pradesh</strong></span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description">Virbhadra Singh</span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description"><strong>5. Delhi</strong></span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description">Vacant (President’s rule)</span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description"><strong>6. Uttarakhand</strong></span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description">Harish Rawat</span></div>
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<span itemprop="description"><strong>7. Uttar Pradesh</strong></span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description"><img alt="INDIA-POLITICS-PARLIAMENT-BUDGET" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-151248" src="http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/akhilesh-yadav-e1378289004946-150x120.jpg" height="120" style="border: 0px none; padding: 0px 15px 5px 0px;" width="150" /></span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description">Akhilesh Yadav</span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description"><strong>8. Rajasthan</strong></span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description"><img alt="BJP Rajsthan President Vasundhara Raje addresses a press conference in Jaipur on Dec.9, 2013. (Photo: IANS)" class="alignnone wp-image-168716 size-thumbnail" src="http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Vasundhara-Raje-150x150.jpg" height="150" style="border: 0px none; padding: 0px 15px 5px 0px;" width="150" /></span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description">Vasundhara Raje</span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description"><strong>9. Gujarat</strong></span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description"><br /></span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description"><img alt="BJP leader Anandiben Patel swears-in as the new Gujarat Chief Minister in Gandhinagar on May 22, 2014. (Photo: IANS)" class="alignnone wp-image-174547 size-thumbnail" src="http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Anandiben-Patel-150x134.jpg" height="134" style="border: 0px none; padding: 0px 15px 5px 0px;" width="150" /></span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description">Anandiben Patel</span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description"><strong>10. Madhya Pradesh</strong></span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description">Shivraj Singh Chouhan</span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description"><strong>11. Chhatishgarh</strong></span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description">Raman Singh</span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description"><strong>12. Maharashtra</strong></span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description"><img alt="prithviraj_chavan" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-95568" src="http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/prithviraj_chavan-e1290395241658-116x90.jpg" height="90" style="border: 0px none; padding: 0px 15px 5px 0px;" width="116" /></span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description">Prithviraj Chavan</span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description"><strong>13. Goa</strong></span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description">Manohar Parrikar</span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description"><strong>14. Karnataka</strong></span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description">K Siddaramaiah</span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description"><strong>15. Kerala</strong></span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description">Oomen Chandy</span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description"><strong>16. Tamilnadu</strong></span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description"><img alt="O.Panneerselvam" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-177722 size-full" src="http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/O.Panneerselvam.jpg" height="128" style="border: 0px none; padding: 0px 15px 5px 0px;" width="112" /></span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description">O.Panneerselvam</span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description"><strong>17. Poducherry</strong></span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description">N Rangaswamy</span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description"><strong>18. Andhra Pradesh</strong></span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description">Chandrababu Naidu</span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description"><strong>19. Telangana</strong></span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description">K. Chandrashekar Rao</span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description"><strong>19. Orrissa</strong></span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description">Naveen Patnaik</span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description"><strong>20. Bihar</strong></span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description"><img alt="JD-U leader Jitan Ram Majhi swears-in as Bihar Chief Minister in Patna on May 20, 2014. (Photo: IANS)" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-174414" src="http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/jitan-ram-manjhi-150x99.jpg" height="99" style="border: 0px none; padding: 0px 15px 5px 0px;" width="150" /></span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description"><br /></span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description">Jitan Ram Manjhi</span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description"><strong>21. Jharkhand</strong></span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description">Hemant Soren</span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description"><strong>22. West Bengal</strong></span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description"><img alt="Mamata Banerjee" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-132086" src="http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Mamata-banerjee-e1378289182988-150x132.jpg" height="132" style="border: 0px none; padding: 0px 15px 5px 0px;" width="150" /></span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description">Mamata Banerjee</span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description"><strong>23. Sikkim</strong></span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description">Pawan Kumar Chamling</span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description"><strong>24. Aasam</strong></span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description">Tarun Gogoi</span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description"><strong>25. Meghalay</strong></span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description">Mukund Sangma</span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description"><strong>26. Arunachal Pradesh</strong></span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description">Naban Tuki</span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description"><strong>27. Nagaland</strong></span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description">Neiphiu Rio</span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description"><strong>28. Mizoram</strong></span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description">Pu Lalthanhawla</span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description"><strong>29. Manipur</strong></span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description">Okram Ibobi Singh</span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description"><strong>30. Tripura</strong></span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span itemprop="description">Manik Sarkar</span></div>
</div>
<span itemprop="description">
</span></div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13627048482019499713noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7050439088134615803.post-14483462513653691242014-10-14T08:28:00.000+05:302014-10-14T08:28:18.123+05:30India Cabinet 2014 : List of ministers of India & their departments (Year – 2014)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-align: justify;">Below are the list of cabinet ministers and their portfolio/departments.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #993300;"><br /></span></div>
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<strong style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px;">President of India :</strong><span style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px;"> Pranab Mukherjee</span></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<strong>Vice President of India :</strong> Mohammad Hamid Ansari</div>
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<strong>Prime Minister of India :</strong> Narendra Modi</div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<strong>Narendra Modi :</strong></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
* Prime Minister of India<br />* Ministry of Planning<br />* Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions<br />* Department of Atomic Energy<br />* All important policy issues and all other portfolios not allocated to any minister</div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<strong>Rajnath Singh</strong></div>
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<img alt="INDIA-POLITICS-BJP-SINGH" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-150663" height="93" src="http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Rajnath-Singh-150x93.jpg" style="border: 0px none; padding: 0px 15px 5px 0px;" width="150" /></div>
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<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/themes/flexi-blue/img/raquo.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 5px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; position: relative;">Minister of Home Affairs</li>
</ul>
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<strong style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px;">Arun Jaitley:</strong></div>
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<img alt="Senior BJP leader and Leader of opposition in Rajya Sabha Arun Jaitley and Party general secretary Amit Shah congratulate BJP Rajsthan President Vasundhara Raje after BJP won Rajasthan Assembly elections in Jaipur on Dec.9, 2013. (Photo: IANS)" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-168863" height="125" src="http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Arun-Jaitley-e1387267547630-150x125.jpg" style="border: 0px none; padding: 0px 15px 5px 0px;" width="150" /></div>
<ul style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/themes/flexi-blue/img/raquo.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 5px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; position: relative;">Ministry of Finance, Corporate Affairs</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/themes/flexi-blue/img/raquo.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 5px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; position: relative;">Ministry of Defense</li>
</ul>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<strong style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px;"><span id="advenueINTEXT" style="display: inline !important;">Sushma Swaraj</span></strong></div>
<div style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px;">
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<br /></div>
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<img alt="Senior BJP leader and Leader of Opposition in Lok Sabha Sushma Swaraj during a press conference in New Delhi on Nov.28, 2013. (Photo: IANS)" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-174810" height="123" src="http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Sushma-Swaraj-150x123.jpg" style="border: 0px none; padding: 0px 15px 5px 0px;" width="150" /></div>
<ul style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/themes/flexi-blue/img/raquo.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 5px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; position: relative;">Minister of External Affairs, Overseas Indian Affairs</li>
</ul>
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<strong style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px;"><span id="advenueINTEXT" style="display: inline !important;">Ananth Kumar</span></strong></div>
</div>
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<br /></div>
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<img alt="BJP candidate for 2014 Lok Sabha Election from Bangalore South, Ananth Kumar during a press conference in Bangalore on April 14, 2014. (Photo: IANS)" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-174811" height="105" src="http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Ananth-Kumar-150x105.jpg" style="border: 0px none; padding: 0px 15px 5px 0px;" width="150" /></div>
<ul style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/themes/flexi-blue/img/raquo.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 5px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; position: relative;">Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers</li>
</ul>
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<strong style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px;"><span id="advenueINTEXT" style="display: inline !important;">Sadanand Gowda</span></strong></div>
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<br /></div>
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<img alt="sadananda gowda" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-107946" height="108" src="http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/sadananda-gowda-e1312368729990-110x108.png" style="border: 0px none; padding: 0px 15px 5px 0px;" width="110" /></div>
<ul style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/themes/flexi-blue/img/raquo.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 5px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; position: relative;">Minister of Railways</li>
</ul>
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<br /></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<strong><span id="advenueINTEXT" style="float: left;">Nitin Gadkari</span></strong></div>
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<br /></div>
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<img alt="INDIA-POLITICS-BJP-LEADERS" class="alignnone wp-image-145073 size-thumbnail" height="97" src="http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Nitin-Gadkari-150x97.jpg" style="border: 0px none; padding: 0px 15px 5px 0px;" width="150" /></div>
<ul style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/themes/flexi-blue/img/raquo.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 5px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; position: relative;">Minister of Road Transport and Highways</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/themes/flexi-blue/img/raquo.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 5px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; position: relative;">Minister of Shipping</li>
</ul>
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<strong>(Previously held by Late Gopinathrao Munde, now given to Nitin Gadkari)</strong></div>
<ul style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/themes/flexi-blue/img/raquo.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 5px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; position: relative;">Minister of Rural Development, Panchayati Raj,</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/themes/flexi-blue/img/raquo.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 5px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; position: relative;">Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation</li>
</ul>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<strong>M Venkaiah Naidu</strong></div>
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<img alt="Senior BJP leader Venkaiah Naidu addresses a press conference in Chennai on March 23, 2014. (Photo: IANS)" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-174259" height="98" src="http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Venkaiah-Naidu-150x98.jpg" style="border: 0px none; padding: 0px 15px 5px 0px;" width="150" /></div>
<ul style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/themes/flexi-blue/img/raquo.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 5px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; position: relative;">Ministry of Urban Development, Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/themes/flexi-blue/img/raquo.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 5px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; position: relative;">Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs</li>
</ul>
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<br /></div>
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<strong>Ravi Shankar Prasad</strong></div>
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<img alt="Senior BJP leader Ravi Shankar Prasad addresses a press conference at party headquarters in New Delhi on April 13, 2014. (Photo: IANS)" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-174800" height="113" src="http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Ravi-Shankar-Prasad-e1401178066112-150x113.jpg" style="border: 0px none; padding: 0px 15px 5px 0px;" width="150" /></div>
<ul style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/themes/flexi-blue/img/raquo.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 5px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; position: relative;">Minister of Communications and Information Technology</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/themes/flexi-blue/img/raquo.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 5px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; position: relative;">Ministry of Law and Justice</li>
</ul>
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<br /></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<strong>Smriti Irani</strong></div>
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<img alt="Actress-turned-BJP Parliamentarian Smriti Irani addresses during a Shiromani Akali Dal rally at Rajouri Garden in New Delhi on Nov.27, 2013. Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and the Shiromani Akali Dal have finally agreed to a seat-sharing formula for the upcoming Delhi assembly elections slated for 4th December. (Photo: IANS)" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-171419" height="116" src="http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/061e5d9cd0ace8b6ff229896eae6ee2f-e1401166576388-150x116.jpg" style="border: 0px none; padding: 0px 15px 5px 0px;" width="150" /></div>
<ul style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/themes/flexi-blue/img/raquo.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 5px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; position: relative;">Minister of Human Resource Development</li>
</ul>
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<br /></div>
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<strong>Ram Vilas Paswan</strong></div>
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<img alt="President Pranab Mukherjee administers oath of office to cabinet minister Ram Vilas Paswan during swearing-in ceremony of Prime Minister of India and the Council of Ministers at Rashtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi on May 26, 2014. (Photo: Amlan Paliwal/IANS)" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-174814" height="109" src="http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Ram-Vilas-Paswan-e1401187559540-150x109.jpg" style="border: 0px none; padding: 0px 15px 5px 0px;" width="150" /></div>
<ul style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/themes/flexi-blue/img/raquo.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 5px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; position: relative;"><span id="advenueINTEXT" style="float: left;">Minister of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution</span></li>
</ul>
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<br /></div>
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<strong>Najma A. Heptulla</strong></div>
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<img alt="President Pranab Mukherjee administers oath of office to cabinet minister Najma Heptullah during swearing-in ceremony of Prime Minister of India and the Council of Ministers at Rashtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi on May 26, 2014. (Photo: Amlan Paliwal/IANS)" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-174815" height="117" src="http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Nazma-Heptullah-e1401187591567-150x117.jpg" style="border: 0px none; padding: 0px 15px 5px 0px;" width="150" /></div>
<ul style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/themes/flexi-blue/img/raquo.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 5px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; position: relative;"><span id="advenueINTEXT" style="float: left;">Minister of Minority Affairs</span></li>
</ul>
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<br /></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<strong> <span class="st">Ashok Gajapathi Raju Pusapati</span></strong></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<strong><img alt="Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan, BJP General Secretary and State in-charge Ananth Kumar, Leader of opposition in Lok Sabha Sushma Swaraj and BJP president for Madhya Prasesh Narendra Singh Tomar release election manifesto for upcoming assembly polls at state BJP office in Bhopal on Nov.16, 2013. (Photo : IANS)" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-174820" height="114" src="http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Narendra-Singh-Tomar-e1401189139462-150x114.jpg" style="border: 0px none; padding: 0px 15px 5px 0px;" width="150" /></strong></div>
<ul style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/themes/flexi-blue/img/raquo.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 5px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; position: relative;"><span id="advenueINTEXT" style="float: left;">Minister of Civil Aviation</span></li>
</ul>
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<br /></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<strong>Kalraj Mishra</strong></div>
<ul style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/themes/flexi-blue/img/raquo.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 5px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; position: relative;"><span id="advenueINTEXT" style="float: left;">Minister of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises</span></li>
</ul>
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<br /></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<strong>Anant Geete</strong></div>
<ul style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/themes/flexi-blue/img/raquo.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 5px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; position: relative;"><span id="advenueINTEXT" style="float: left;">Minister of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises</span></li>
</ul>
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<br /></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<strong>Harsimrat Kaur Badal</strong></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<img alt="President Pranab Mukherjee administers oath of office to cabinet minister Harsimrat Kaur Badal during swearing-in ceremony of Prime Minister of India and the Council of Ministers at Rashtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi on May 26, 2014. (Photo: Amlan Paliwal/IANS)" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-174818" height="120" src="http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Harsimrat-Kaur-Badal-e1401188645414-150x120.jpg" style="border: 0px none; padding: 0px 15px 5px 0px;" width="150" /></div>
<ul style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/themes/flexi-blue/img/raquo.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 5px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; position: relative;"><span id="advenueINTEXT" style="float: left;">Minister of Food Processing Industries</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<strong>Narendra Singh Tomar</strong></div>
<ul style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/themes/flexi-blue/img/raquo.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 5px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; position: relative;"><span id="advenueINTEXT" style="float: left;">Minister of Mines, Steel, Labour and Employment</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<strong>Jual Oram</strong></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<img alt="President Pranab Mukherjee administers oath of office to cabinet minister Jual Oram during swearing-in ceremony of Prime Minister of India and the Council of Ministers at Rashtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi on May 26, 2014. (Photo: Amlan Paliwal/IANS)" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-174819" height="109" src="http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Jaul-Oram-e1401188552907-150x109.jpg" style="border: 0px none; padding: 0px 15px 5px 0px;" width="150" /></div>
<ul style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/themes/flexi-blue/img/raquo.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 5px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; position: relative;"><span id="advenueINTEXT" style="float: left;">Minister of Tribal Affairs</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<strong>Radha Mohan Singh</strong></div>
<ul style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/themes/flexi-blue/img/raquo.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 5px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; position: relative;"><span id="advenueINTEXT" style="float: left;">Minister of Agriculture</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<strong>Thaawar Chand Gehlot</strong></div>
<ul style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/themes/flexi-blue/img/raquo.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 5px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; position: relative;"><span id="advenueINTEXT" style="float: left;">Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<strong>Harsh Vardhan</strong></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<img alt="BJP`s Chief Ministerial Candidate for Delhi Harsh Vardhan addresses a press conference at the Indian Womenâs Press Corps in New Delhi on Nov.19, 2013. (Photo: IANS)" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-168536" height="119" src="http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Harsh-Vardhan-150x119.jpg" style="border: 0px none; padding: 0px 15px 5px 0px;" width="150" /></div>
<ul style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/themes/flexi-blue/img/raquo.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 5px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; position: relative;"><span id="advenueINTEXT" style="float: left;">Minister of Health and Family Welfare</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<strong><strong>Maneka Gandhi</strong></strong></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<img alt="President Pranab Mukherjee administers oath of office to cabinet minister Maneka Gandhi during swearing-in ceremony of Prime Minister of India and the Council of Ministers at Rashtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi on May 26, 2014. (Photo: Amlan Paliwal/IANS)" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-174817" height="126" src="http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Maneka-Gandhi-e1401187669972-150x126.jpg" style="border: 0px none; padding: 0px 15px 5px 0px;" width="150" /></div>
<ul style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/themes/flexi-blue/img/raquo.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 5px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; position: relative;">Ministry of Women and Child Development</li>
</ul>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<strong>Uma Bharati</strong></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<img alt="President Pranab Mukherjee administers oath of office to cabinet minister Uma Bharti during swearing-in ceremony of Prime Minister of India and the Council of Ministers at Rashtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi on May 26, 2014. (Photo: Amlan Paliwal/IANS)" class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-174816" height="105" src="http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Uma-Bharti...-e1401187637781-150x105.jpg" style="border: 0px none; padding: 0px 15px 5px 0px;" width="150" /></div>
<ul style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/themes/flexi-blue/img/raquo.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 5px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; position: relative;">Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/themes/flexi-blue/img/raquo.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 5px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; position: relative;"><br /></li>
</ul>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<strong>=== Ministers of State with Independent Charge ===</strong></div>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<strong>Shripad Yesso Naik</strong></div>
<ul style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/themes/flexi-blue/img/raquo.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 5px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; position: relative;">Ministry of Culture</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/themes/flexi-blue/img/raquo.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 5px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; position: relative;">Minster of Tourism</li>
</ul>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<strong>V.K. Singh</strong></div>
<ul style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/themes/flexi-blue/img/raquo.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 5px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; position: relative;"><strong>Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region</strong></li>
</ul>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<strong>Inderjit Singh Rao</strong></div>
<ul style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/themes/flexi-blue/img/raquo.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 5px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; position: relative;">Planning Ministry</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/themes/flexi-blue/img/raquo.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 5px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; position: relative;">Minster of Statistics and Programme Implementation</li>
</ul>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<strong>Santosh Kumar Gangwar</strong></div>
<ul style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/themes/flexi-blue/img/raquo.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 5px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; position: relative;">Ministry of Textiles</li>
</ul>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<strong>Dharmendra Pradhan</strong></div>
<ul style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/themes/flexi-blue/img/raquo.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 5px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; position: relative;">Minster of Petroleum and Natural Gas</li>
</ul>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<strong>Sarbananda Sonowal</strong></div>
<ul style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/themes/flexi-blue/img/raquo.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 5px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; position: relative;">Minster of Skill Development, Entrepreneurship, Youth Affairs and Sports</li>
</ul>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<strong>Prakash Javadekar</strong></div>
<ul style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/themes/flexi-blue/img/raquo.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 5px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; position: relative;">Minster of Information and Broadcasting</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/themes/flexi-blue/img/raquo.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 5px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; position: relative;">Minster of Environment, Forest and Climate Change</li>
</ul>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<strong>Piyush Goyal</strong></div>
<ul style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/themes/flexi-blue/img/raquo.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 5px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; position: relative;">Minster of Power</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/themes/flexi-blue/img/raquo.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 5px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; position: relative;">Minister of Coal</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/themes/flexi-blue/img/raquo.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 5px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; position: relative;">Minister of New and Renewable Energy</li>
</ul>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<strong>Prakash Javadekar</strong></div>
<ul style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/themes/flexi-blue/img/raquo.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 5px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; position: relative;">Minster of Information and Broadcasting</li>
</ul>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<strong>Jitendra Singh</strong></div>
<ul style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/themes/flexi-blue/img/raquo.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 5px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; position: relative;">Minster of Science and Technology</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/themes/flexi-blue/img/raquo.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 5px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; position: relative;">Minster of Earth Sciences</li>
</ul>
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
<strong>Nirmala Sitharaman</strong></div>
<ul style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px;">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://news.worldsnap.com/wp-content/themes/flexi-blue/img/raquo.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 5px 11px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; display: block; font-family: georgia; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; position: relative;">Minster of Commerce and Industry</li>
</ul>
<div style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px;">
<div style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px;">
<div style="color: #111111; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">
=============================================</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</span></div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13627048482019499713noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7050439088134615803.post-72919787732666132492014-10-13T12:27:00.000+05:302014-10-13T12:27:12.025+05:30Science & Technology Current Affairs 2014<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h1 class="entry-title" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 22px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">
<i style="font-family: verdana, serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.5599994659424px; text-align: justify;">Science & Technology</i><span style="font-family: verdana, serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.5599994659424px; text-align: justify;"> </span><span style="font-family: verdana, serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.5599994659424px; text-align: justify;">plays a most vital role in everyone’s life. Without Science, life can’t be imagined today. There are so many happenings and events that happened in all around. To know all these events, we will provide Science</span><span style="font-family: verdana, serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.5599994659424px; text-align: justify;"> </span><i style="font-family: verdana, serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.5599994659424px; text-align: justify;">& Technology Current Affairs 2014</i><span style="font-family: verdana, serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.5599994659424px; text-align: justify;">.</span></h1>
<div class="entry entry-content" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: verdana, serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 19.5599994659424px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<div style="margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span id="more-19986"></span></div>
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These <i>current affairs 2014</i> are not only beneficial for the students but also for those entire people who want to update their knowledge. All the information related to<i>latest inventions and developments</i> will provide to you below by our team of<i>recruitmentresult.com.</i></div>
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In most of the competitive exams like NDA, IAS, SSC, Railways, IBPS etc, the questions related to <i>current affairs</i> are always asked <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD1" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 0, 47) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; color: rgb(255, 0, 47) !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;">to check</span> the knowledge of contenders.</div>
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Not only in entrance examinations the questions related to <i>latest inventions and discoveries</i> are always asked in interviews. So this is very important for you to know about the <i>inventions and discoveries current affairs 2014</i>.</div>
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<b>Latest Inventions and Discoveries In Science</b></div>
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We will provide all the info related to <i>latest Inventions and Discoveries In Science</i>that are going to be happen all around on that page. To get these latest updates, candidates need to visit the page at least once in a week.</div>
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Here we are providing a <i>list of inventions and discoveries in Science</i>:</div>
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<tr><td style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="47%"><b>Inventions </b></td><td style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="52%"><b>Inventors</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="47%">India’s missile and nuclear weapons</td><td style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="52%">A.P.J. Abdul Kalam</td></tr>
<tr><td style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="47%">Ballpoint Pen</td><td style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="52%">John J. Loud</td></tr>
<tr><td style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="47%">Bicycle Tires</td><td style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="52%">John Boyd Dunlop</td></tr>
<tr><td style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="47%">Chronometer</td><td style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="52%">John Harrison</td></tr>
<tr><td style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="47%">Pendulum Clock</td><td style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="52%">Christian Huygens</td></tr>
<tr><td style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="47%">Electric Generation (Static)</td><td style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="52%">Otto von Gueriche</td></tr>
<tr><td style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="47%">Electronic Computer</td><td style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="52%">J.G. Brainerd, J.P. Eckert, J.W. Mauchly</td></tr>
<tr><td style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="47%">Gramophone</td><td style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="52%">Thomas Edison</td></tr>
<tr><td style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="47%">Microphone</td><td style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="52%"><span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD3" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: #f3f3f3; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 0, 47) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-size: 12px !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;">Alexander Graham Bell</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="47%">Motorcycle</td><td style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="52%">Edward Butler</td></tr>
<tr><td style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="47%">Piano</td><td style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="52%">Cristofori</td></tr>
<tr><td style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="47%">Radar</td><td style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="52%">Dr. Allbert H. Taylor and Leo C. Young</td></tr>
<tr><td style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="47%">Refrigerator</td><td style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" valign="top" width="52%">James Harrison<br /></td></tr>
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